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Scleractinia
| Description | Scleractinia, also called stony corals or hard corals, are marine animals in the phylum Cnidaria that build themselves a hard skeleton. The individual animals are known as polyps and have a cylindrical body crowned by an oral disc in which a mouth is fringed with tentacles. Although some species are solitary, most are colonial. The founding polyp settles and starts to secrete calcium carbonate to protect its soft body. Solitary corals can be as much as 25 cm (10 in) across but in colonial species the polyps are usually only a few millimetres in diameter. These polyps reproduce asexually by budding, but remain attached to each other, forming a multi-polyp colony of clones with a common skeleton, which may be up to several metres in diameter or height according to species. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scleractinia, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | order | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Common Name | stony coral | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific Name | Scleractinia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 5,867 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 775 (13%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 269 - 260 Ma Permian | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environment | marine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | stationary, attached | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vision | blind (based on Anthozoa) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diet | microcarnivore, photosymbiotic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reproduction | alternating, asexual, dispersal=water,planktonic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ecospace Comments | ECOSPACE CODE: 261 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | aragonite | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name(s) | Madrépores, Stony Corals, Stony Coral, Riffkorallen, Steinkorallen, Akmeniniai Koralai, Hard Corals, Kamene Korale, Korale Rafowe, Madreporarian Corals, Mercanlar, Scleractinians, Sclerattinia, Steenkoralen, Steinkoraller, Σκληρακτίνια, Склерактинії, Склерактінії, жесткие (мадрепоровые) кораллы, イシサンゴ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scleractinia |
External Images
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amphiastraeina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 37 | 201 Ma Early Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Archaeocoeniina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 46 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Archaeofungiina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 148 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 164 Ma Middle Jurassic | |
| Astraeoina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 77 | 242 Ma Middle Triassic | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | |
| Astrocoeniina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 4,833 | 237 Ma Middle Triassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Caryophylliina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 2,941 | 260 Ma Permian | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Dendrophylliina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 844 | 190 Ma Early Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Distichophylliina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 940 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 174 Ma Middle Jurassic | |
| Faviina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 11,018 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Fungiina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 7,619 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Heterocoeniina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 141 | 164 Ma Middle Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Meandriina ✝ suborder | listed (PBDB) | 48 | 168 Ma Middle Jurassic | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | |
| Microsolenina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 2,480 | 242 Ma Middle Triassic | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
| Pachythecaliina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 874 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Rhipidogyrina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 372 | 201 Ma Early Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Stylinina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 1,826 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 23.0 Ma Miocene | |
| Stylophyllina suborder | listed (PBDB) | 375 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
| Felixaraeoidea ✝ superfamily | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Misistelloidea ✝ superfamily | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Phyllosmilioidea ✝ superfamily | listed (PBDB) | 2 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Acroporidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2,355 | 168 Ma Middle Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Acrosmiliidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 76 | 190 Ma Early Jurassic | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
| Actinacididae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 349 | 191 Ma Early Jurassic | 23.0 Ma Miocene | |
| Actinastraeidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Actinastreidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 575 | 237 Ma Middle Triassic | 23.0 Ma Miocene | |
| Agariciidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1,246 | 168 Ma Middle Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Agatheliidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 26 | 165 Ma Middle Jurassic | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
| Agathiphylliidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 35 | 122 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
| Alpinophylliidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 22 | 237 Ma Middle Triassic | 209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Amphiastraeidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Amphiastreidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 503 | 237 Ma Middle Triassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Andemantastraeidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 51 | 190 Ma Early Jurassic | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Anthemiphylliidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 6 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Astraeomorphidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 164 | 242 Ma Middle Triassic | 209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Astrangiidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Astraraeidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 17 | 190 Ma Early Jurassic | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Astrocoeniidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 775 | 222 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Aulastraeoporidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 46 | 140 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Axosmiliidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 150 | 174 Ma Middle Jurassic | 101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Brachyphylliidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 7 | 86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Calamophylliidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 136 | 237 Ma Middle Triassic | 13.7 Ma Miocene | |
| Carolastaeidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Carolastraeidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 151 Ma Late Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Caryophyllidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Caryophylliidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1,732 | 260 Ma Permian | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Cladophylliidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 17 | 166 Ma Middle Jurassic | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Columastraeidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Conophylliidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Corbariastraeidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Coryphylliidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 27 | 237 Ma Middle Triassic | 183 Ma Early Jurassic | |
| Coscinaraeidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cuifastraeidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 25 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 190 Ma Early Jurassic | |
| Cunnolitidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 208 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Curtoseriidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 77 | 242 Ma Middle Triassic | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | |
| Cyathophoridae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 48 | 165 Ma Middle Jurassic | 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Cyclastraeidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Cyclolitidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 50 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
| Cyclophylliidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 21 | 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | 209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Cyclophyllopsiidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 190 Ma Early Jurassic | 190 Ma Early Jurassic | |
| Deltocyathidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Dendrogyridae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Dendrogyriidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 7 | 168 Ma Middle Jurassic | 48.6 Ma Eocene | |
| Dendrophylliidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 844 | 190 Ma Early Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Dermosmiliidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 516 | 191 Ma Early Jurassic | 16.0 Ma Miocene | |
| Diploastraeidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 222 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Diploastreidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Diplocteniopsidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 72 | 174 Ma Middle Jurassic | 83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Distichophyllidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Donacosmiliidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Eckastraeidae ✝ family | listed (PBDB) | 3 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | |
| Elasmocoeniidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ellipsosmiliidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 17 | 201 Ma Early Jurassic | 161 Ma Jurassic | |
| Euheliidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Euhellidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Euphyllidae family | listed (PBDB) | 66 | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Euphylliidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Eupsammidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Faviidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3,278 | 235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Felixaraeidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Flabellidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 679 | 145 Ma Late Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Fungiacyathidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 19 | 72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Fungiidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 411 | 222 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Funginellidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 190 Ma Early Jurassic | 105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Gablonzeriidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 56 | 242 Ma Middle Triassic | 209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Gardinariidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Gardineriidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Gigantostyliidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | 209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Guembelastraeidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 29 | 237 Ma Middle Triassic | 164 Ma Middle Jurassic | |
| Guyniidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 96 | 140 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Haplaraeidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 282 | 172 Ma Middle Jurassic | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
| Haplareidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Heliastraeidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 156 | 152 Ma Late Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Heterocoeniidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 141 | 164 Ma Middle Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Intersmiliidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 11 | 201 Ma Early Jurassic | 140 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Isastraeidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 161 Ma Jurassic | 161 Ma Jurassic | |
| Isastreidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 133 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Kobyastraeidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 38 | 176 Ma Early Jurassic | 89.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Latomeandridae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1,117 | 222 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
| Lithophylliidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lobophylliidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Margarophyllidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Margarophylliidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 289 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 190 Ma Early Jurassic | |
| Meandriidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 168 Ma Middle Jurassic | 41.3 Ma Eocene | |
| Meandrinidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 414 | 168 Ma Middle Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Merulinidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3,122 | 235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Micrabaciidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 246 | 209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Microbaciidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Microsolenidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1,122 | 242 Ma Middle Triassic | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | |
| Misistellidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 14 | 164 Ma Middle Jurassic | 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Mitrodendronidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Montastraeidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1,215 | 222 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Montlivaltiidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1,927 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 5.33 Ma Miocene | |
| Mussidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 722 | 164 Ma Middle Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Negoporitidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 24 | 101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Oculinidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 434 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Opisthophyllidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 11 | 164 Ma Middle Jurassic | 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Oppelismiliidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 58 | 237 Ma Middle Triassic | 166 Ma Middle Jurassic | |
| Oulastreidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pachyphyllidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 153 | 129 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Pachyphylliidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pachythecalidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pamiroseriidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 247 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Parasmiliidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 17 | 105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Phyllocoeniidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 7 | 83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Pinacophyllidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 21 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | |
| Placocoeniidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 145 | 170 Ma Middle Jurassic | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Placophylliidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 78 | 201 Ma Early Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Placosmiliidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Plesiastreidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pocilloporidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1,128 | 83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Poritidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2,535 | 101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Procyclolitidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 49 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Protoheterastraeidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 53 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Protoheterstraeidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Psammocoridae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Reimaniphylliidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 624 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 174 Ma Middle Jurassic | |
| Rhipidastraeidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Rhipidogyridae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 281 | 172 Ma Middle Jurassic | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
| Rhizangiidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 275 | 101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Schizocyathidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Siderasteridae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Siderastreidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 637 | 201 Ma Early Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Smilostyliidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 7 | 161 Ma Jurassic | 156 Ma Jurassic | |
| Smilotrochiidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 38 | 168 Ma Middle Jurassic | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | |
| Solenocoeniidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 77 | 166 Ma Middle Jurassic | 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Stenocyathidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Stylinidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1,735 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 23.0 Ma Miocene | |
| Stylophyllidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 314 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
| Synastraeidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 80 | 191 Ma Early Jurassic | 70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Thamnasteriidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 557 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Trachyphylliidae family | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Trochoidomeandridae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 13 | 130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Trochosmiliidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Tropiastraeidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 18 | 237 Ma Middle Triassic | 212 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Tropiastreidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 10 | 237 Ma Middle Triassic | 222 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Tropidastraeidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 212 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Tropiphyllidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Turbinoliidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 342 | 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Volzeiidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 66 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 190 Ma Early Jurassic | |
| Zardinophyllidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 69 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 48.6 Ma Eocene | |
| Adegokeastrea ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Anisastraea ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Annoticyathus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | |
| Anomopora ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 23.0 Ma Miocene | |
| Antillia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 47.8 Ma Eocene | 47.8 Ma Eocene | |
| Apelismilia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Trochocyathus genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 5.33 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Archaeolasmogyra ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Atelophyllia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 172 Ma Middle Jurassic | 170 Ma Middle Jurassic | |
| Bachytrochus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Baryhelia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Bathytrochus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Bavarosmilia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 212 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | 209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Brachycoenia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Bracthelia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Budiopsis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Bussonastraea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Calameastolia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Carantophyllum ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Carcicocaenia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Chorisastraea ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Clausastraeopsis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Clonosmilia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | 23.0 Ma Miocene | |
| Coelomeandra ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Columactinastrea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cylismilia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Cynaria genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Decaheliocoenia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Dendrocora genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Desmocoenia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Dichotomosmilia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Diplothecangia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 23.0 Ma Miocene | |
| Dordonophyllia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ebocotrochus ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Ebrayia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 161 Ma Jurassic | 152 Ma Late Jurassic | |
| Eburneotrochus ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Eckastraea ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | |
| Edwardsomeandra ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 168 Ma Middle Jurassic | 168 Ma Middle Jurassic | |
| Elasmofungia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Epitrochus ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Etallonasteria ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 26 | 164 Ma Middle Jurassic | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Etalloniopsis ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 161 Ma Jurassic | 161 Ma Jurassic | |
| Fasciatiphyllia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Fasciseris ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Favitopsis ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Furcophyllia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 242 Ma Middle Triassic | 242 Ma Middle Triassic | |
| Gallitellia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Gombertiphyllia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Gumbelastraea ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 17 | 237 Ma Middle Triassic | 209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Hedeliastraea ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Heliostylina ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Helladophyllia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Hemiporites genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Houchangocyathus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 6 | 269 Ma Permian | 265 Ma Permian | |
| Icaunhelia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Isphyllastrea genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 0 Ma Extant | |||
| Karatchastraea ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 237 Ma Middle Triassic | 237 Ma Middle Triassic | |
| Kobycoenia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Lamellomeandra ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 151 Ma Late Jurassic | 151 Ma Late Jurassic | |
| Lepiconus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | 209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Lithodendron genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Lupitschia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Mareastraea ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 0.78 Ma Pleistocene | 0.13 Ma Pleistocene | |
| Meandrostylis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Miophora ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | 23.0 Ma Miocene | |
| Mioscapophyllia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 11.6 Ma Miocene | 11.6 Ma Miocene | |
| Morchellastraea ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Ondadiplocteniopsis ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Pachysmilia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 201 Ma Early Jurassic | 199 Ma Early Jurassic | |
| Palaeophyllia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Palaeoseris genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Palaeosmilia ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Phylloseriopsis ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Placogyropsis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pleuropodia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
| Psammocyathus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 23.0 Ma Miocene | |
| Pseudocycloseris genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pyramisasteria ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Reisocyathus ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Reussiphyllia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Rhabdofavia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Rhopalophyllia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Rodinosmilia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 190 Ma Early Jurassic | 190 Ma Early Jurassic | |
| Saeptiphyllia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Sakalavastraeopsis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Sclydolithus ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Siderocoenia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Sinaiastraea ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Sinasteria ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Stereocoenia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Streptocyathopsis ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Streptocyathus ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Synastraea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Thamnasterites ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 222 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | 222 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Thecoseriopsis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Thigmastrea genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Tropiastraea ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 242 Ma Middle Triassic | 242 Ma Middle Triassic | |
| Valliseris genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Variabilifavia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 17 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | |
| Batophyllia champlittensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Holaraea alpina species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Holaraea micropora species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Leptophyllastrea vaughani species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Triphyllocaenia excavata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1900 | Scleractinia Bourne |
| 1951 | Thamnasteria cycloides Eguchi |
| 1951 | Thamnasteria komagataensis Eguchi |
| 1951 | Thamnasteria maxima Eguchi |
| 1951 | Thamnasteria protoserioides Eguchi |
| 1951 | Thamnasteria rikuzenica Eguchi |
| 1952 | Cyclindrocyathus Alloiteau |
| 1953 | Scleractinia Wells |
| 1984 | Scleractinia Squires p. 14 |
| 1987 | Scleractinia Squires p. 19 |
| 1988 | Scleractinia Squires p. 6 |
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1994 | Paracoryphyllia Dronov |
| 1999 | Scleractinia Squires p. 10 |
| 2000 | Scleractinia Ezaki p. 202 |
| 2002 | Cyclindrocyathus Sepkoski, Jr. |
| 2002 | Eusmiliopsis Sepkoski, Jr. |
| 2002 | Saltastraea Sepkoski, Jr. |
| 2002 | Scleractinia Sepkoski, Jr. |
| 2002 | Thecoseriopsis Sepkoski, Jr. |
| 2003 | Paracoryphyllia Kiessling |
| 2005 | Scleractinia López-Pérez p. 80 |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
Collades de Basturs, Isona i Conca Dellà, El Pallars Jussà, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain