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Libellulidae
| Description | The skimmers or perchers and their relatives form the Libellulidae, the largest dragonfly family in the world. It is sometimes considered to contain the Corduliidae as the subfamily Corduliinae and the Macromiidae as the subfamily Macromiinae. Even if these are excluded (as Silsby does), there still remains a family of over 1000 species. With nearly worldwide distribution, these are almost certainly the most often seen of all dragonflies. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libellulidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | family | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Odonata : Libellulidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Common Name | common skimmer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific Name | Libellulidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 83 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 29 (35%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 93.9 - 89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environment | freshwater,terrestrial (based on Odonata) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | fast-moving (based on Odonata) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vision | well-developed (based on Odonata) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diet | carnivore, insectivore (based on Odonata) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reproduction | dispersal=water (based on Odonata) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | chitin (based on Odonata) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | S. E. Lewis. 1969. Fossil insects of the Latah Formation (Miocene) of eastern Washington and northern Idaho. Northwest Science 43:99-115 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name(s) | Korenbouten, Skimmers, Common Skimmers, Libellulidés, Common Skimmer, Segeltrollsländor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libellulidae |
External Images
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leucorrhininae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 2 | 7.25 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Libellulinae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 17 | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Pantaliinae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 0 Ma Extant | |||
| Pantalinae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 23 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Sympetrinae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 8 | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Tetrathemistinae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 20.0 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Trithemistinae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 11.6 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Acisoma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aethiothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aethriamanta genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Agrionoptera genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Amphithemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Anatya genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Anectothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Antidythemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Argyrothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Atoconeura genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Atratothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Austrothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Bironides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Boninthemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Brachydiplax genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Brachygonia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Brachymesia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Brachythemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Bradinopyga genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Brechmorhoga genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Calophlebia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Camacinia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cannaphila genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Caussanelia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | |
| Celebophlebia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Celebothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Celithemis genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 7.25 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Chalcostephia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Chalybeothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Congothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cratilla genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Crocothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cyanothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Dasythemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Deielia genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 7.25 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Diastatops genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Diplacina genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Diplacodes genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Diplax genus | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 7.25 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Dythemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Edonis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elasmothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Eleuthemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elga genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Epithemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Erythemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Erythrodiplax genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Fylgia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Garrisonia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Gynothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Hadrothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Hemistigma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Huonia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Hydrobasileus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Hylaeothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Hypothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Idiataphe genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Indothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Jeanlegrandia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 28.4 Ma Oligocene | 28.4 Ma Oligocene | |
| Ladona genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lanthanusa genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lathrecista genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Leucorrhinia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Libellula genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 12 | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Lithemis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 12.7 Ma Miocene | 12.7 Ma Miocene | |
| Lokia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lokithemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lyriothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Macrodiplax genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Macrothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Malgassophlebia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Mesothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Miathyria genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Micrathyria genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Micromacromia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Microtrigonia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Miorhodopygia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 8.70 Ma Miocene | 8.70 Ma Miocene | |
| Misagria genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nannodiplax genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nannophlebia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nannophya genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nannophyopsis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nannothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Neodythemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nephepeltia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nesciothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nesogonia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nesoxenia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Neurothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nothodiplax genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Notiothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Notolibellula genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Oligocaemia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 12.7 Ma Miocene | 12.7 Ma Miocene | |
| Oligoclada genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Olpogastra genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Onychothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Onychothemisculminicola genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Orchithemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Orionothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Orthemis genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | Tropical King Skimmer | 5 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant |
| Orthetrum genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Oryctodiplax ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 7.25 Ma Miocene | 7.25 Ma Miocene | |
| Oxythemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pachydiplax genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pacificothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Palaeolibellula ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Palaeothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Palaeotramea genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 10 | 28.4 Ma Oligocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Paleotauriphila ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
| Palpopleura genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Paltothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pantala genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Parabrachydiplax ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 20.0 Ma Miocene | 20.0 Ma Miocene | |
| Parazyxomma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Perithemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Phyllothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pisaurum ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 7.25 Ma Miocene | 7.25 Ma Miocene | |
| Planiplax genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Plathemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pornothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Porpacithemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Porpax genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Potamarcha genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Prorhyothemis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 16.9 Ma Miocene | 16.9 Ma Miocene | |
| Protopaltothemis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 12.7 Ma Miocene | 12.7 Ma Miocene | |
| Protorthemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pseudagrionoptera genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pseudoleon genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pseudothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pseudotramea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Raphismia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Rhodopygia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Rhodothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Rhyothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Risiophlebia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Scapanea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Selysiothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Sleuthemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Sloveniatrum ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 12.7 Ma Miocene | 12.7 Ma Miocene | |
| Sympetrum genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 7 | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Tapeinothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Tauriphila genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 28.1 Ma Oligocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Tetrathemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Thalassothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Thermochoria genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Thermorthemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Tholymis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Tramea genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 7.25 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Trameobasileus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 23.0 Ma Miocene | |
| Trithemis genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 11.6 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Trithetrum genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Tyriobapta genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Uracis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
 Urolibellula ✝genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 46.2 Ma Eocene | 46.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Urothemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Viridithemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ypirangathemis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zenithoptera genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zygonoides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zygonychidium genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zygonyx genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zyxomma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zyxommoides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Obsolete Names
| Name | Source | Taxon Rank | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Libellula minuscula Oustalet, 1870 | GBIF | species | Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Odonata : Libellulidae : Libellula minuscula |
| Platetrum eusebioi (Piton, 1935) | GBIF | species | Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Odonata : Libellulidae : Platetrum eusebioi |
| Libellula eusebioi (Piton, 1935) | GBIF | species | Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Odonata : Libellulidae : Libellula eusebioi |
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1842 | Libellulidae Rambur |
| 1870 | Libellula minuscula Oustalet p. 88 figs. Pl 2, fig 6 |
| 1921 | Libellulidae Cockerell |
| 1935 | Libellula eusebioi Piton p. 172 fig. 1 |
| 1935 | Libellula eusebioi Piton and Théobald p. 70 figs. Pl 2, fig 1 |
| 1969 | Libellulidae Lewis p. 100 |
| 1992 | Libellulidae Carpenter p. 83 |
| 1993 | Libellulidae Nel and Paicheler p. 166 |
| 2007 | Libellulidae Bechly |
| 2008 | Libellulidae Zessin et al. p. 90 |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
