Quick Links : Mindat手册 The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Mindat Newsletter [Free Download]

主页关于 Mindat Mindat手册 Mindat的历史版权 Who We Are 联系我们于 Mindat.org刊登广告

捐赠给 Mindat Corporate Sponsorship 赞助板页已赞助的板页在 Mindat刊登广告的广告商于 Mindat.org刊登广告

Learning Center What is a mineral?The most common minerals on earth Information for Educators Mindat Articles The Elements The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Geologic Time

搜索矿物的性质搜索矿物的化学 Advanced Locality Search 随意显示任何一种矿物 Random Locality 使用minID搜索邻近产地 Search Articles 搜索词汇表更多搜索选项

Mindat手册添加新照片 Rate Photos 产区编辑报告 Coordinate Completion Report 添加词汇表项目

Mining Companies 统计会员列表 Mineral Museums Clubs & Organizations 矿物展及活动 The Mindat目录表设备设置 The Mineral Quiz

照片搜索 Photo Galleries Search by Color 今天最新的照片昨天最新的照片用户照片相集过去每日精选照片相集 Photography

BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Viperidae

Photos

Photo Gallery

Description

The Viperidae (vipers) are a family of venomous snakes found in most parts of the world, with the exception of Antarctica, Australia, Hawaii, Madagascar, New Zealand, various other isolated islands, and north of the Arctic Circle. All have relatively long, hinged fangs that permit deep penetration and injection of snake venom. Four subfamilies are currently recognized. They are also known as viperids. The name "viper" is derived from the Latin word vipera, -ae, also meaning viper, possibly from vivus ("living") and parere ("to beget"), referring to the trait viviparity (giving live birth) common in vipers but not in snakes at large.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viperidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	5024	https://www.gbif.org/species/5024
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	38156	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38156

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Viperidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Lepidosauromorpha
superorder	Lepidosauria
order	Squamata	Oppel 1811
suborder	Ophidia
superfamily	Solenoglypha
family	Viperidae	Oppel 1811

Common Name

viper

Scientific Name

Viperidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Viperidae	family	belongs to Solenoglypha	stated with evidence	Cope, 1871
Viperidae	family	belongs to Ophidia	stated with evidence	Zittel, 1890
Viperidae	family	belongs to Solenoglypha	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1946
Viperidae	family	belongs to Alethinophidia	implied	Szyndlar, 1987
Viperidae	family	belongs to Colubroidea	implied	Carroll, 1988
Viperidae	family	belongs to Serpentes	stated without evidence	Frank and Ramus, 1996
Viperidae	family	belongs to Alethinophidia	stated without evidence	Venczel and Stiuca, 2008
Viperidae	family	belongs to Squamata	implied	Böhme, 2008
Viperidae	family	belongs to Serpentes	implied	Cernansky et al., 2015

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

1 (33%)

First Recorded Appearance

28.4 - 23.0 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

terrestrial

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

carnivore

Reproduction

oviparous

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

M. Oppel. 1811. Die Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen der Reptilien als Prodom einer Naturgeschichte Derselben. Joseph Lindauer, München

Common Name(s)

Adders, Huggormar, Pit Vipers, Vipers, Viper

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viperidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Agkistrodon genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Cottonmouth	23	13.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Atheris genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Atropoides genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Azemiops genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bitis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Puff Adder	10	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Bothriechis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bothrocophias genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bothrops genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Calloselasma genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Causus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cerastes genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cerrophidion genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Crotalus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Rattlesnake	85	13.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Cryptelytrops genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Daboia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Deinagkistrodon genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Echis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Eristicophis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Garthius genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gloydius genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Hypnale genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lachesis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Laophis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Macrovipera genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Mixcoatlus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Montatheris genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Montivipera genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ophryacus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ovophis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Porthidium genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Proatheris genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Protobothrops genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pseudocerastes genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sistrurus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Pigmy Rattlesnake	12	13.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Trimeresurus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Pitviper	1	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Tropidolaemus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Uropsophus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Vipera genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		166	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Rhinaspis illyrica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Provipera boettgeri Kinkelin, 1892	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Viperidae : *Provipera boettgeri*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1811	Viperidae Oppel
1871	Viperidae Cope p. 238
1875	Viperidae Cope p. 23
1890	Viperidae Zittel p. 631
1892	Provipera Kinkelin p. 94
1892	Provipera boettgeri Kinkelin p. 94
1898	Viperidae Gadow p. 29

Year	Name and Author
1946	Viperidae Kuhn p. 62
1987	Viperidae Szyndlar p. 66
1988	Viperidae Carroll
1996	Viperidae Frank and Ramus
2008	Viperidae Böhme p. 169
2008	Viperidae Venczel and Stiuca p. 759
2015	Viperidae Cernansky et al. p. 121

References

Oppel M. , Die Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen der Reptilien als Prodom einer Naturgeschichte Derselben. Joseph Lindauer, München, xii-86

Cope E. D. On the homologies of some of the cranial bones of the Reptilia, and on the systematic arrangement of the class, Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 19, 194-247

Cope E. D. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1, 1-109

Zittel K. A. v. , Handbuch der Palaeontologie. I. Abteilung Paleozoologie. III. Band. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves) [Handbook of Paleontology. Division I. Paleozoology. Volume III. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves)], xii-900

Kinkelin F. Ein fossiler Giftzahn, Zoologischer Anzeiger XV, 93-94

Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82

Kuhn O. (1946) Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles], Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg 29, 49-67

Szyndlar Z. (1987) Snakes from the Lower Miocene Locality of Dolnice (Czechoslovakia), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7 1, 55-71

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Frank N., Ramus E. (1996) A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World, 1-377

Böhme M. (2008) Ectothermic vertebrates (Teleostei, Allocaudata, Urodela, Anura, Testudines, Choristodera, Crocodylia, Squamata) from the Upper Oligocene of Oberleichtersbach (Northern Bavaria, Germany), Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 260, 161-183

Venczel M., Stiuca E. (2008) Late middle Miocene amphibians and squamate reptiles from Taut, Romania, Geodiversitas 30 4, 731-763

Cernansky A., Rage J. C., et al (2015) The Early Miocene squamates of Amöneburg (Germany): the first stages of modern squamates in Europe, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 13 2, 97-128 doi:10.1080/14772019.2014.897266

Gärdenfors, Ulf, Hall, Ragnar, Hallingbäck, Tomas, Hansson, Hans G. & Hedström, Lars (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 5, ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. (reviderad excelfil med svenska djurfamiljer). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Flores-Villela, Oscar / McCoy, C. J., ed., 1993: Herpetofauna Mexicana: Lista anotada de las especies de anfibios y reptiles de México, cambios taxonómicos recientes, y nuevas especies. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication, no. 17. iv + 73. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

McDiarmid, Roy W., Jonathan A. Campbell, and T'Shaka A. Touré, 1999: null. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. xi + 511. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

Quick NavTop External Images Fossil Distribution Subtaxa Obsolete Names Synonymy List References

Go to top of page