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Teiidae

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Description

Teiidae is a family of autarchoglossan lizards native to the Americas. Members of this family are generally known as whiptails or racerunners; however, tegus also belong to this family. Teiidae is sister to the Gymnopthalmidae, and both families comprise the Teiioidea. The Teiidae includes several parthenogenic species – a mode of clonal reproduction. Presently, the Teiidae consists of approximately 150 species in eighteen genera.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teiidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	5019	https://www.gbif.org/species/5019
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	37927	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37927

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Teiidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Lepidosauromorpha
superorder	Lepidosauria
order	Squamata	Oppel 1811
-	Episquamata	Pyron et al. 2013
superfamily	Lacertoidea	Camp 1923
-	Teiioidea	Estes et al. 1988
family	Teiidae	Gray 1827

Scientific Name

Teiidae

Name Published In

Phil. Mag., (2)1: 53

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Teiidae	family	belongs to Leptoglossa	stated with evidence	Cope, 1871
Teiidae	family	belongs to Lacertae	stated with evidence	Gadow, 1898
Teiidae	family	belongs to Lacertoidea	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1946
Teiidae	family	belongs to Sauria	stated without evidence	Stirton, 1953
Teiidae	family	belongs to Lacertilia	stated without evidence	McGrew et al., 1959
Teiidae	family	belongs to Scincomorpha	stated with evidence	Estes, 1964
Teiidae	family	belongs to Lacertoidea	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1966
Teiidae	family	belongs to Scincomorpha	stated without evidence	Estes, 1969
Teiidae	family	belongs to Lacertoidea	stated with evidence	Estes, 1983
Teiidae	family	belongs to Leptoglossa	implied	Carroll, 1988
Teiidae	family	belongs to Squamata	stated without evidence	Nessov, 1988
Teiidae	family	belongs to Teiioidea	stated with evidence	Estes et al., 1988
Teiidae	family	belongs to Scincomorpha	stated without evidence	Gao and Fox, 1991
Teiidae	family	belongs to Lacertilia	stated without evidence	Frank and Ramus, 1996
Teiidae	family	belongs to Scincomorpha	stated with evidence	Gao and Fox, 1996
Teiidae	family	belongs to Scincomorpha	stated without evidence	Sullivan and Estes, 1997
Teiidae	family	belongs to Teiioidea	stated with evidence	Lee and Caldwell, 2000
Teiidae	family	belongs to Scincomorpha	stated without evidence	Peng et al., 2001
Teiidae	family	belongs to Teiioidea	stated without evidence	Fernicola and Albino, 2012

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

55 (69%)

First Recorded Appearance

130 - 125 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Diapsida)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

insectivore, carnivore

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. A. Stirton. 1953. Vertebrate paleontology and continental stratigraphy in Colombia. Geological Society of America Bulletin 64:603-622

Common Name(s)

Ameivas, Ground Lizards, New World Runners, Racerunners, Whiptails

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teiidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Callopistinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Teiinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		26	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Tupinambinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		3	48.6 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Teiini tribe	listed (PBDB)		29	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Alopoglossus genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Northern Teiids			0 Ma Extant
Amapasaurus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Four-toed Amapsaurus			0 Ma Extant
Ameiva genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Whiptail Lizard	6	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Ameivula genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Anotosaura genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Anotosauras			0 Ma Extant
Aspidoscelis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Aurivela genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bicuspidon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Brevisaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	56.0 Ma Paleocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Callopistes genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	21.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Cercosaura genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Ocellated Tegus			0 Ma Extant
Chamops ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		33	93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	56.8 Ma Paleocene
Cnemidophorus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Whiptail Lizard	22	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Colobosaura genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Colobosauras			0 Ma Extant
Colobosauroides genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Cunha's Teiids			0 Ma Extant
Conicodontosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Contomastix genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Crocodilurus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Crocodile Tegus			0 Ma Extant
Dicrodon genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Distortodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dracaena genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Caiman Lizard	23	16.3 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Echinosaura genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Rough Teiids			0 Ma Extant
Gerontoseps ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Glaucomastix genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Glyptogenys genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Haptosphenus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Harmodontosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Holcosus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Iphisa genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Iphisas			0 Ma Extant
Kentropyx genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Kentropyx			0 Ma Extant
Leptochamops ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		43	89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lumbrerasaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Medopheos genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Meniscognathus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Meyasaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	129 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Mongolochamops ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pantodactylus genus	listed (PBDB)	Many-fingered Teiids			0 Ma Extant
Peneteius ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pholidoscelis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Piramicephalosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Polyglyphanodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Proctoporus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Lightbulb Lizards			0 Ma Extant
Prototeius ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ptilotodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	122 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Salvator genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Socognathus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Sphenosiagon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Teius genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Four-toed Tegus	1	4.00 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Tupinambis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Tegu	18	17.5 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Iquanavus exilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Iquanavus teres species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Scolegosaurus alleni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Teidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Teidae
Lanceosaurus compressus Gilmore, 1928	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Teiidae : *Lanceosaurus compressus*
Alethesaurus quadratus Gilmore, 1928	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Teiidae : *Alethesaurus quadratus*
Tejidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Tejidae
Iguanavus teres Marsh, 1892	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Teiidae : *Iguanavus teres*
Lanceosaurus hatcheri Gilmore, 1928	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Teiidae : *Lanceosaurus hatcheri*
Iguanavus exilis Marsh, 1872	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Teiidae : *Iguanavus exilis*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1827	Teiidae Gray
1871	Teidae Cope p. 237
1872	Iguanavus exilis Marsh p. 309
1875	Teidae Cope p. 19
1892	Iguanavus teres Marsh
1898	Tejidae Gadow p. 26
1902	Iguanavus exilis Hay p. 474
1928	Iguanavus exilis Gilmore p. 16
1928	Iguanavus teres Gilmore p. 17
1928	Lanceosaurus hatcheri Gilmore p. 160 figs. 104; Pl. 26:8
1928	Lanceosaurus compressus Gilmore p. 161 fig. 105
1928	Alethesaurus quadratus Gilmore p. 162 figs. Pl. 26:13
1946	Tejidae Kuhn p. 61
1953	Teiidae Stirton p. 612
1959	Teiidae McGrew et al. p. 136
1964	Teiidae Estes p. 101
1966	Teiidae Kuhn p. 53

Year	Name and Author
1969	Teiidae Estes p. 2
1970	Teiidae Estes and Berberian p. 5
1975	Teiidae Seiffert p. 10
1983	Teiidae Estes
1988	Teiidae Carroll
1988	Teiidae Estes et al.
1988	Teiidae Nessov p. 478
1991	Teiidae Gao and Fox
1996	Teiidae Frank and Ramus
1996	Teiidae Gao and Fox p. 18
1996	Teiidae Gao and Hou p. 584
1997	Teiidae Sullivan and Estes p. 102
2000	Teiidae Alifanov p. 373
2000	Teiidae Gao and Norell p. 52
2000	Teiidae Lee and Caldwell
2001	Teiidae Peng et al. p. 27
2012	Teiidae Fernicola and Albino

References

Stirton R. A. (1953) Vertebrate paleontology and continental stratigraphy in Colombia, Geological Society of America Bulletin 64, 603-622

Cope E. D. On the homologies of some of the cranial bones of the Reptilia, and on the systematic arrangement of the class, Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 19, 194-247

Marsh O. C. Preliminary description of new Tertiary reptiles. Part I and Part II, The American Journal of Science, series 3 4 22, 298-309

Cope E. D. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1, 1-109

Marsh O. C. Notice of new reptiles from the Laramie Formation, American Journal of Science 43, 449-453

Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Gilmore C. W. (1928) Fossil lizards of North America, Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 22 3, 1-201

Kuhn O. (1946) Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles], Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg 29, 49-67

McGrew P. O., Berman J. E., et al (1959) The geology and paleontology of the Elk Mountain and Tabernacle Butte area, Wyoming, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 117 3, 117-176

Estes R. (1964) Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation, eastern Wyoming, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 49, 1-187

Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154

Estes R. (1969) Relationships of two Cretaceous lizards (Sauria, Teiidae), Breviora 317, 1-8

Estes R., Berberian P. (1970) Paleoecology of a Late Cretaceous vertebrate community from Montana, Breviora 343, 1-35

Seiffert J. (1975) Upper Jurassic lizards from central Portugal, Contribuição para o conhecimento da Fauna do Kimerridgiano da Mina de Lignito Guimarota (Leiria, Portugal). Serviços Geológicos de Portugal, Memória (Nova Série) 22, 7-85

Estes R. (1983) Sauria terrestria, Amphisbaenia, Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie 10A, 1-249

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Estes R., de Queiroz K., et al (1988) Phylogenetic relationships within Squamata, Phylogenetic relationships of the lizard families, 119-282

Nessov L. A. (1988) Late Mesozoic amphibians and lizards of Soviet Middle Asia, Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 31 14, 475-486

Gao K. -Q., Fox R. C. (1991) New teiid lizards from the Upper Cretaceous Oldman Formation (Judithian) of southeastern Alberta, Canada, with a review of the Cretaceous record of teiids, Annals of Carnegie Museum 60 2, 145-162

Frank N., Ramus E. (1996) A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World, 1-377

Gao K. -Q., Fox R. C. (1996) Taxonomy and evolution of Late Cretaceous lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from western Canada, Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of natural History 33, 1-107

Gao K. -Q., Hou L. -H. (1996) Systematics and taxonomic diversity of squamates from the Upper Cretaceous Djadochta Formation, Bayan Mandahu, Gobi Desert, People's Republic of China, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 33, 578-598

Sullivan R. M., Estes R. (1997) A reassessment of the fossil Tupinambinae, Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics; the Miocene fauna of La Venta, Columbia

Alifanov V. R. (2000) The fossil record of Cretaceous lizards from Mongolia, The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, 368-389

Gao K., Norell M. A. (2000) Taxonomic composition and systematics of Late Cretaceous lizard assemblages from Ukhaa Tolgod and adjacent localities, Mongolian Gobi Desert, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 249, 1-118

Lee M. S. Y., Caldwell M. W. (2000) Adriosaurus and the affinities of mosasaurs, dolichosaurs, and snakes, Journal of Paleontology 74 3, 915-937

Peng J., Russell A. P., et al (2001) Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman Formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Natural History Occasional Paper 25, 1-54

Fernicola J. C., Albino A. (2012) Amphibians and squamate reptiles from the Santa Cruz Formation (late Early Miocene), Santa Cruz Province, Argentina: paleoenvironmental and paleobiological considerations, Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation, 129-137

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 1300 Teiidae Gray, 1827 given nomenclatural precedence over Ameividae Fitzinger, 1826 (Reptilia, Sauria).Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 42, 130-133 (1985) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

Flores-Villela, Oscar / McCoy, C. J., ed., 1993: Herpetofauna Mexicana: Lista anotada de las especies de anfibios y reptiles de México, cambios taxonómicos recientes, y nuevas especies. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication, no. 17. iv + 73. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2004: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, draft (2004). - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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