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Diacodexis ✝

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Description

Diacodexis is an extinct genus of small herbivore mammals belonging to the family Dichobunidae which lived in North America, Europe and Asia from 55.4 mya to 46.2 mya and existing for approximately 9.2 million years.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diacodexis, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4834780	https://www.gbif.org/species/4834780
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	42313	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42313

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Dichobunidae : Diacodexis

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Diacodexeidae : Diacodexis

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
order	Ungulata
order	Artiodactyla	Owen 1848
family	Diacodexeidae	Krishtalka and Stucky 1985
genus	Diacodexis	Cope 1882

Scientific Name

Diacodexis Cope, 1882

Name Published In

Amer. Natural., 16,

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Diacodexis	genus	belongs to Artiodactyla	stated without evidence	Cope, 1882
Diacodexis	genus	subjective synonym of Hyopsodus	stated without evidence	Matthew, 1899
Diacodexis	genus	belongs to Artiodactyla	stated without evidence	Matthew, 1915
Diacodexis	genus	belongs to Diacodexinae	stated without evidence	Gazin, 1955
Diacodexis	genus	belongs to Dichobunidae	stated without evidence	Thewissen et al., 1987
Diacodexis	genus	belongs to Artiodactyla	implied	Carroll, 1988
Diacodexis	genus	belongs to Diacodexinae	stated without evidence	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Diacodexis	genus	belongs to Dichobunidae	stated without evidence	Thewissen et al., 2001
Diacodexis	genus	belongs to Dichobunoidea	stated with evidence	Boisserie et al., 2005
Diacodexis	genus	belongs to Diacodexeidae	stated with evidence	Theodor et al., 2007
Diacodexis	genus	belongs to Cetaceamorpha	stated with evidence	Spaulding et al., 2009
Diacodexis	genus	belongs to Diacodexeidae	stated without evidence	Kumar et al., 2010
Diacodexis	genus	belongs to Diacodexeidae	stated with evidence	Rose et al., 2012

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

56.0 - 50.3 Ma
Eocene

Last Recorded Appearance

47.8 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Artiodactyla)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

herbivore

Ecospace Comments

herbivorous/omnivorous (Spaulding et al. 2009) and specialized for "cursorial-saltatorial locomotion" (Rose 1996)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

E. D. Cope. 1882. Two new genera of Mammalia from the Wasatch Eocene. American Naturalist 16(12):1029

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diacodexis

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Diacodexis antunesi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Diacodexis corsaensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Diacodexis gazini ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	56.0 Ma Paleocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Diacodexis gigasei ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	56.0 Ma Paleocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Diacodexis gracilis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Diacodexis ilicis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	14	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Diacodexis kelleyi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	15	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Diacodexis minutus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	55.8 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Diacodexis morrisi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Diacodexis pakistanensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	56.0 Ma Paleocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Diacodexis parvus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Diacodexis primus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	31	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Diacodexis varleti ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	10	56.0 Ma Paleocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Gujaratia indica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Pantolestes metsiacus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	176	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Pantolestes secans ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	43	55.8 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Gujaratia Bajpai, Kapur, Das, Tiwari, Saravanan & Sharma, 2005	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Dichobunidae : *Gujaratia*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1882	Diacodexis Cope
1894	Trigonolestes Cope
1902	Trigonolestes Hay p. 649
1914	Wasatchia Sinclair
1915	Diacodexis Matthew
1955	Diacodexis Gazin p. 44
1955	Wasatchia Gazin p. 44
1985	Diacodexis Krishtalka and Stucky
1986	Wasatchia Krishtalka and Stucky
1987	Diacodexis Thewissen et al. p. 249

Year	Name and Author
1988	Diacodexis Carroll
1997	Diacodexis McKenna and Bell p. 401
2001	Diacodexis Thewissen et al. p. suppl.
2005	Gujaratia Bajpai et al. p. 108 figs. Pl. II, figs. 4-6
2005	Diacodexis Boisserie et al.
2007	Diacodexis Theodor et al. p. 39
2007	Gujaratia Theodor et al. p. 41
2009	Diacodexis Spaulding et al.
2010	Diacodexis Kumar et al. p. 1247
2012	Diacodexis Rose et al.

References

Cope E. D. Two new genera of Mammalia from the Wasatch Eocene, American Naturalist 16 12, 1029

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Sinclair W. J. (1914) A revision of the bunodont artiodactyla of the Middle and Lower Eocene of North America, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33 21, 267-295

Matthew W. D. (1915) A revision of the Lower Eocene Wasatch and Wind River faunas, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34 9

Gazin C. L. (1955) A review of the Upper Eocene Artiodactyla of North America, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 128 8, 1-96

Krishtalka L., Stucky R. K. (1985) Revision of the Eocene Wind River Faunas, Early Eocene of Central Wyoming. Part 7. Revision of Diacodexis (Mammalian, Artiodactyla), Annals of Carnegie Museum 54 14, 413-486

Krishtalka L., Stucky R. K. (1986) Early Eocene artiodactyls from the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, and the Piceance Basin, Colorado, Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming Special Paper 3, 183-196 doi:10.2113/gsrocky.24.special_paper_3.183

Thewissen J.G.M., Gingerich P.D., et al (1987) Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla (Mammalia) from the early-middle Eocene Kuldana Formation of Kohat (Pakistan), Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 27 11, 247-274

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Thewissen J. G. M, Williams E. M., et al (2001) Skeletons of terrestrial cetaceans and the relationship of whales to artiodactyls, Nature 413, 277-281

Bajpai S., Kapur V. V., et al (2005) Early Eocene land mammals from Vastan Lignite Mine, District Surat (Gujarat), Western India, Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 50 1, 101-113

Boisserie J.-R., Lihoreau F., et al (2005) The position of Hippopotamidae within Cetartiodactyla, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 5, 1537-1541

Theodor J. M., Erfurt J., et al (2007) The earliest artiodactyls, The Evolution of Artiodactyls, 32-58

Spaulding M., O'Leary M. A., et al (2009) Relationships of Cetacea (Artiodactyla) among mammals: Increased taxon sampling alters interpretations of key fossils and character evolution, PloS One 4 9, e7062

Kumar K., Rose K. D., et al (2010) Early Eocene artiodactyls (Mammalia) from western India, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 4, 1245-1274

Rose K. D., Chew A. E., et al (2012) Earliest Eocene mammalian fauna from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum at Sand Creek Divide, southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 36, 1-122

Amer. Natural., 16, - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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