| Description | Camarasauridae (meaning "chambered lizards") is a family of neosauropod dinosaurs within the clade Macronaria, the sister group to Titanosauriformes. Among sauropods, camarasaurids are small to medium-sized, with relatively short necks. They are visually identifiable by a short skull with large nares, and broad, spatulate teeth filling a thick jaw. Based on cervical vertebrae and cervical rib biomechanics, camarasaurids most likely moved their necks in a vertical, rather than horizontal, sweeping motion, in contrast to most diplodocids. Cladistically, they are defined to be all sauropods more closely related to Camarasaurus supremus than to Saltasaurus loricatus.
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| Source Data | |
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| Rank | family |
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| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Camarasauridae |
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| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Camarasauridae |
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| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted |
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Classification
(PBDB,GBIF) | |
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| Common Name | camarasaurid |
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| Scientific Name | Camarasauridae |
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| Opinions (PBDB) | | Name | Rank | Opinion | Evidence | Author |
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| Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Opisthocoelia | stated without evidence | Cope, 1883 | | Camarasauridae | family | subjective synonym of Atlantosauridae | stated without evidence | Hay, 1902 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Sauropoda | stated without evidence | Jaekel, 1911 | | Camarasauridae | family | subjective synonym of Morosauridae | stated with evidence | Lull, 1924 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Sauropoda | stated with evidence | Kuhn, 1946 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Bothrosauropodidae | stated with evidence | Huene, 1948 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Bothrosauropodoidea | stated with evidence | Kuhn, 1966 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Sauropoda | stated without evidence | Steel, 1970 | | Camarasauridae | family | subjective synonym of Morosauridae | stated without evidence | Bonaparte, 1978 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Sauropoda | stated without evidence | Bonaparte, 1980 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Sauropoda | stated with evidence | Bonaparte, 1986 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Sauropoda | stated without evidence | Buscalioni and Sanz, 1987 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Sauropoda | implied | Carroll, 1988 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Sauropoda | stated without evidence | Jensen, 1988 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Sauropoda | stated with evidence | Benton, 1990 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Sauropoda | stated without evidence | Molnar, 1992 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Neosauropoda | stated with evidence | Upchurch, 1995 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Neosauropoda | stated without evidence | Upchurch, 1995 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Sauropoda | stated without evidence | Hunt et al., 1995 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Camarasauromorpha | stated without evidence | Salgado et al., 1997 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Sauropoda | stated without evidence | McIntosh, 1997 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Camarasauroidea | stated with evidence | Dong, 1998 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Sauropoda | stated without evidence | Bonaparte, 1999 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Camarasauromorpha | stated with evidence | Upchurch et al., 2004 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Camarasauromorpha | stated without evidence | Moser et al., 2006 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Sauropoda | stated without evidence | Chure et al., 2006 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Macronaria | stated without evidence | Sánchez-Hernández et al., 2007 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Camarasauromorpha | stated with evidence | Mocho et al., 2014 | | Camarasauridae | family | belongs to Eusauropoda | stated without evidence | Mannion et al., 2019 |
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| Status (PBDB) | extinct |
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| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 13 |
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| First Recorded Appearance | 166 - 164 Ma
Middle Jurassic |
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| Last Recorded Appearance | 70.6 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous |
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| Environment | terrestrial (based on Sauropoda) |
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| Motility | actively mobile (based on Sauropoda) |
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| Diet | herbivore (based on Sauropoda) |
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| Reproduction | oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Sauropoda) |
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| Ontogeny | accretion,modification of parts (based on Sauropoda) |
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| Taphonomy | hydroxylapatite,compact or dense,thick (based on Sauropoda) |
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| Primary Reference (PBDB) | E. D. Cope. 1877. On Amphicoelias, a genus of Saurians from the Dakota epoch of Colorado. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 17:242-246 |
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| Common Name(s) | Camarasaurid |
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| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camarasauridae |
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| Cope E. D. On Amphicoelias, a genus of Saurians from the Dakota epoch of Colorado, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 17, 242-246 |
| Jaekel O. (1911) , Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht über die Fossilen und Lebenden Formen [The Vertebrates. An Overview of the Fossil and Living Forms], viii-252 |
| Kuhn O. (1946) Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles], Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg 29, 49-67 |
| Lapparent A. F. d. (1947) Les dinosauriens du Crétacé Supérieur du Midi de la France [The dinosaurs of the Upper Cretaceous of the south of France], Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France, Nouvelle Série 56, 1-54 |
| Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154 |
| Steel R. (1970) Part 14. Saurischia, Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie/Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1-87 |
| Swinton W. E. (1970) , The Dinosaurs, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1-331 |
| Borsuk-Bialynicka M. (1977) A new camarasaurid sauropod Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii gen. n., sp. n. from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia, Palaeontologia Polonica 37, 5-64 |
| Galton P. M. (1977) The Upper Jurassic dinosaur Dryosaurus and a Laurasia-Gondwana connection in the Upper Jurassic, Nature 268 5617, 230-232 |
| Rozhdestvensky A. K. (1977) The study of dinosaurs in Asia, Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 20, 102-119 |
| Kues B. S., Lehman T. M., et al (1980) The teeth of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis, a Late Cretaceous sauropod, Journal of Paleontology 54 4, 864-869 |
| McIntosh J. S. (1981) Annotated catalogue of the dinosaurs (Reptilia, Archosauria) in the collections of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 18, 1-67 |
| Santafé J. V., Casanovas M. L., et al (1982) Geologia y Paleontologia (Dinosaurios) de las Capas rojas de Morella (Castellón, España) [Geology and paleontology (Dinosauria) of the Capas Rojas of Morella (Castellón, Spain)], Diputación Provincial de Castellón y Diputación de Barcelona, 1-169 |
| Dong Z., Zhou S., et al (1983) [Dinosaurs from the Jurassic of Sichuan], Palaeontologica Sinica, New Series C, Whole Number 162 23, 1-136 |
| Russell D. A. (1984) A check list of the families and genera of North American dinosaurs, Syllogeus 53, 1-35 |
| Bonaparte J. F. (1986) The early radiation and phylogenetic relationships of the Jurassic sauropod dinosaurs, based on vertebral anatomy, The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs: Faunal Change Across the Triassic–Jurassic Boundary. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 247-258 |
| Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698 |
| Jensen J. A. (1988) A fourth new sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of the Colorado Plateau and sauropod bipedalism, The Great Basin Naturalist 48 2, 121-145 |
| Benton M. J. (1990) Origin and interrelationships of dinosaurs, The Dinosauria, D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, & H. Osmólska (editors), University of California Press, Berkeley, 11-30 |
| McIntosh J. S. (1990) Sauropoda, The Dinosauria. University of California Press, Berkeley, 345-401 |
| Hunt A. P., Lockley M. G., et al (1995) The global sauropod fossil record, Aspects of Sauropod Paleobiology. GAIA 10, 261-279 |
| McIntosh J. S., Miles C. A., et al (1996) A new nearly complete skeleton of Camarasaurus, Bulletin of the Gunma Museum of Natural History 1, 1-87 |
| Salgado L., Coria R. A., et al (1997) Evolution of titanosaurid sauropods. I: Phylogenetic analysis based on the postcranial evidence, Ameghiniana 34 1, 3-32 |
| Bonaparte J. F. (1999) Evolución de las vértebras presacras en Sauropodomorpha [Evolution of the presacral vertebrae in Sauropodomorpha], Ameghiniana 36 2, 115-187 |
| Upchurch P., Barrett P. M., et al (2004) Sauropoda, The Dinosauria (2nd edition). University of California Press, Berkeley, 259-322 |
| Chure D. J., Litwin R., et al (2006) The fauna and flora of the Morrison Formation: 2006, Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 36, 233-249 |
| Moser M., Mathur U. B., et al (2006) Oldest camarasauromorph sauropod (Dinosauria) discovered in the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) of the Khadir Island, Kachchh, western India, Paläontologische Zeitschrift 80 1, 34-51 |
| Sánchez-Hernández B., Benton M. J., et al (2007) Dinosaurs and other fossil vertebrates from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of the Galve area, NE Spain, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 249, 180-215 doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.01.009 |
| Mocho P., Royo-Torres R., et al (2014) Phylogenetic reassessment of Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis, a basal Macronaria (Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 170, 875-916 doi:10.1111/zoj.12113 |
| Mannion P. D., Upchurch P., et al (2019) Taxonomic affinities of the putative titanosaurs from the Late Jurassic Tendaguru Formation of Tanzania: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications for eusauropod dinosaur evolution, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185 3, 784-909 doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zly068/5300162 |
| Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
Camarasauridae ✝
Aragosaurus ✝
Camarasaurus ✝
Lourinhã, Lisbon, Portugal