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Tyrannosaurus ✝

Photos

Photo Gallery

Tyrannosaurus rex

Dawson County, Montana, USA

Tyrannosaurus rex

Hell Creek Claims, Yogo, Judith Basin County, Montana, USA

Tyrannosaurus rex

Dawson County, Montana, USA

Tyrannosaurus rex

Hell Creek Claims, Yogo, Judith Basin County, Montana, USA

Tyrannosaurus rex

Dawson County, Montana, USA

Tyrannosaurus rex

Hell Creek Claims, Yogo, Judith Basin County, Montana, USA

Description

Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex (rex meaning "king" in Latin), often called T. rex or colloquially T-Rex, is one of the most well-represented of the large theropods. Tyrannosaurus lived throughout what is now western North America, on what was then an island continent known as Laramidia. Tyrannosaurus had a much wider range than other tyrannosaurids. Fossils are found in a variety of rock formations dating to the Maastrichtian age of the upper Cretaceous Period, 68 to 66 million years ago. It was the last known member of the tyrannosaurids, and among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrannosaurus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4822631	https://www.gbif.org/species/4822631
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	38613	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38613

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Tyrannosauridae : Tyrannosaurus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Avetheropoda : Tyrannosauridae : Tyrannosaurus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
superfamily	Tyrannosauroidea	Walker 1964
family	Tyrannosauridae	Osborn 1906
subfamily	Tyrannosaurinae	Matthew and Brown 1922
genus	Tyrannosaurus	Osborn 1905

Common Name

tyrant lizard

Scientific Name

Tyrannosaurus Osborn, 1905

Name Published In

Osborn, Henry F. 1905. Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 21: 259-265.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Theropoda	stated with evidence	Osborn, 1905
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Megalosaurinidae	stated without evidence	Huene, 1909
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Coeluridae	stated without evidence	von Zittel, 1911
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Coeluridae	stated with evidence	Tornier, 1913
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Deinodontidae	stated without evidence	Brown, 1914
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Megalosaurinidae	stated without evidence	Gilmore, 1920
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Theropoda	stated without evidence	Joleaud, 1922
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosaurinae	stated without evidence	Matthew and Brown, 1922
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Megalosaurinidae	stated without evidence	Piveteau, 1923
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Deinodontidae	stated with evidence	Lull, 1924
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Dinodontidae	stated without evidence	Huene, 1926
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Aublysodontinae	stated with evidence	Nopcsa, 1928
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Dinodontidae	stated without evidence	Huene, 1929
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Theropoda	stated without evidence	Parks, 1935
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Deinodontidae	stated without evidence	Gilmore, 1946
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	implied	Romer, 1956
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Pachypodosauria	stated without evidence	Huene, 1958
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Dinodontidae	stated without evidence	Huene, 1959
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	stated without evidence	Parsch, 1963
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Deinodontidae	stated with evidence	Tatarinov, 1964
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	stated with evidence	Estes, 1964
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	stated without evidence	Walker, 1964
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Theropoda	stated without evidence	Ostrom, 1965
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	implied	Romer, 1966
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Dinodontidae	stated without evidence	Swinton, 1970
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	stated without evidence	Russell, 1970
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauroidea	stated without evidence	Zhao, 1983
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	stated without evidence	Russell, 1984
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosaurinae	stated without evidence	Paul, 1988
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	stated without evidence	Kurzanov, 1989
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	stated with evidence	Molnar et al., 1990
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	stated without evidence	Bonaparte et al., 1990
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosaurinae	stated without evidence	Holtz, 1997
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	stated without evidence	Holtz, 1998
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosaurinae	stated with evidence	Sereno, 1998
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	stated without evidence	Carr, 1999
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosaurinae	stated without evidence	Currie, 2000
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	stated without evidence	Eberth et al., 2001
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosaurinae	stated without evidence	Holtz, 2001
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	stated without evidence	Currie et al., 2003
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosaurinae	stated without evidence	Currie, 2003
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	stated without evidence	Carr and Williamson, 2004
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosaurinae	stated with evidence	Holtz, 2004
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosaurinae	stated without evidence	Erickson et al., 2004
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	stated without evidence	Urban and Lamanna, 2006
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosaurinae	stated with evidence	Carr et al., 2011
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosaurinae	stated without evidence	Averianov et al., 2012
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	stated without evidence	Dalman, 2013
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	stated with evidence	Hendrickx and Mateus, 2014
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	stated without evidence	White et al., 2015
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosaurinae	stated with evidence	Carr et al., 2017
Tyrannosaurus	genus	belongs to Tyrannosauridae	stated without evidence	Brougham et al., 2019

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

83.6 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Last Recorded Appearance

70.6 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Theropoda)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Coelurosauria)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

H. F. Osborn. 1905. Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 21(14):259-265

Common Name(s)

Tyrant Lizard

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrannosaurus

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Tyrannosaurus luanchuanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Tyrannosaurus rex ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Tyrant Lizard King	68	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Monospondylus Cope, 1892	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Tyrannosauridae : *Monospondylus*
Stygivenator Olshevsky, 1995	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Tyrannosauridae : *Stygivenator*
Tyrrannosaurus Osborn, 1905	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Tyrannosauridae : *Tyrrannosaurus*
Tyrannosauripus Lessertisseur, 1955	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Tyrannosauridae : *Tyrannosauripus*
Tyrannosaurus turpanensis Zhai et al., 1978	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Tyrannosauridae : Tyrannosaurus : *Tyrannosaurus turpanensis*
Tyrannosaurus turopanensis Zhai et al., 1978	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Tyrannosauridae : Tyrannosaurus : *Tyrannosaurus turopanensis*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1892	Manospondylus Cope p. 757
1902	Manospondylus Hay p. 500
1905	Dynamosaurus Osborn pp. 259, 263
1905	Tyrannosaurus Osborn p. 259 fig. 1
1907	Manospondylus Hatcher et al. p. 114
1909	Manospondylus Huene p. 15
1909	Tyrannosaurus Huene p. 15
1911	Tyrannosaurus von Zittel p. 281
1913	Tyrannosaurus Tornier p. 368
1914	Tyrannosaurus Brown p. 377
1920	Tyrannosaurus Gilmore p. 121
1922	Tyrannosaurus Joleaud p. 60
1922	Tyrannosaurus Matthew and Brown p. 378
1923	Tyrannosaurus Piveteau p. 6
1924	Tyrannosaurus Lull p. 231
1924	Dynamosaurus Osborn pp. 259, 263
1926	Tyrannosaurus Huene p. 101
1927	Tyrannosaurus Huene p. 260
1928	Tyrannosaurus Nopcsa p. 183
1929	Tyrannosaurus Huene p. 270
1930	Tyrannosaurus Russell p. 140
1933	Tyrannosaurus Gilmore p. 33
1934	Tyrannosaurus Stromer p. 80
1935	Tyrannosaurus Parks p. 195
1946	Tyrannosaurus Gilmore pp. 16-17
1955	Tyrannosauripus Lessertisseur
1956	Tyrannosaurus Romer p. 616
1958	Tyrannosaurus Huene p. 205
1959	Tyrannosaurus Huene p. 122
1963	Tyrannosaurus Parsch p. 6
1964	Tyrannosaurus Estes p. 144
1964	Manospondylus Kuhn p. 23
1964	Tyrannosaurus Tatarinov p. 539
1964	Tyrannosaurus Walker p. 128
1965	Tyrannosaurus Ostrom p. 39
1966	Tyrannosaurus Romer p. 369
1970	Tyrannosaurus Russell p. 18
1970	Tyrannosaurus Steel p. 42
1970	Tyrannosaurus Swinton p. 151
1976	Tyrannosaurus Kurzanov
1976	Tyrannosaurus Lawson p. 159
1978	Tyrannosaurus Bonaparte p. 324
1978	Tyrannosaurus Molnar p. 76
1978	Tyrannosaurus turpanensis Zhai et al. p. 78
1979	Tyrannosaurus Dong p. 347
1979	Tyrannosaurus Madsen and Miller p. 5
1980	Tyrannosaurus Molnar p. 102
1981	Tyrannosaurus McIntosh p. 8
1981	Tyrannosaurus Rage p. 68
1983	Tyrannosaurus Barsbold p. 95
1983	Tyrannosaurus turpanensis Chen p. 141
1983	Tyrannosaurus Zhao p. 304
1984	Dynamosaurus Russell p. 27
1984	Tyrannosaurus Russell p. 27
1984	Tyrannosaurus Thulborn p. 133
1985	Tyrannosaurus Breithaupt p. 169

Year	Name and Author
1986	Tyrannosaurus Clemens p. 79
1986	Tyrannosaurus Gauthier p. 9
1986	Tyrannosaurus Gillette et al. p. 235
1986	Tyrannosaurus turopanensis Guan p. 35
1988	Tyrannosaurus Carroll
1988	Tyrannosaurus Paul p. 337
1989	Tyrannosaurus Kurzanov p. 5
1989	Tyrannosaurus Mader and Bradley p. 43
1990	Tyrannosaurus Bonaparte et al. pp. 34-35
1990	Tyrannosaurus Molnar et al. p. 190
1991	Tyrannosaurus Molnar p. 166
1991	Tyrannosaurus Weishampel et al. p. 209
1992	Tyrannosaurus Buffetaut p. 135 fig. 2
1992	Tyrannosaurus Carpenter pp. 253-4
1992	Tyrannosaurus Currie p. 242
1994	Tyrannosaurus Currie and Zhao p. 2080
1995	Dinotyrannus Olshevsky
1995	Stygivenator Olshevsky
1996	Tyrannosaurus Buffetaut et al. p. 690
1997	Tyrannosaurus Barsbold p. 448
1997	Tyrannosaurus Carpenter p. 766
1997	Tyrannosaurus Eberth p. 202
1997	Tyrannosaurus Holtz, Jr. p. 53A
1997	Tyrannosaurus Ryan p. 391
1998	Tyrannosaurus Holtz, Jr. p. 41
1998	Tyrannosaurus Sereno p. 65
1998	Tyrannosaurus Zinke p. 184
1999	Tyrannosaurus Carr pp. 498-499
1999	Tyrannosaurus Knoll et al. pp. 106-107
2000	Tyrannosaurus Currie p. 449
2000	Stygivenator Olshevsky p. 154
2000	Dinotyrannus Olshevsky p. 156
2001	Tyrannosaurus Eberth et al. p. 66
2001	Tyrannosaurus Holtz, Jr. pp. 70-71 fig. 7.2
2003	Tyrannosaurus Currie p. 663
2003	Tyrannosaurus Currie et al. p. 10
2003	Tyrannosaurus Currie et al. p. 230 fig. 2
2003	Tyrannosaurus Rauhut p. 43
2004	Tyrannosaurus Carr and Williamson p. 481
2004	Tyrannosaurus Erickson et al. p. 773
2004	Tyrannosaurus Holtz, Jr. p. 113
2005	Tyrannosaurus Carr et al. p. 140 fig. 21
2006	Tyrannosaurus Urban and Lamanna p. 234
2007	Tyrannosaurus Saveliev and Alifanov pp. 281-282
2007	Tyrannosaurus Smith p. 104
2008	Tyrannosaurus Lü p. 51
2009	Tyrannosaurus Li et al.
2011	Tyrannosaurus Carr et al.
2012	Tyrannosaurus Averianov et al. p. 145
2013	Tyrannosaurus Dalman p. 244
2014	Tyrannosaurus Hendrickx and Mateus
2014	Tyrannosaurus Lu et al.
2015	Tyrannosaurus White et al. p. 3
2016	Tyrannosaurus Smith et al. p. 3
2017	Tyrannosaurus Carr et al. p. 9s
2019	Tyrannosaurus Brougham et al. p. 14

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Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 21 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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