Meretrix
Description | Prostitution in ancient Rome was legal and licensed. In ancient Rome, even Roman men of the highest social status were free to engage prostitutes of either sex without incurring moral disapproval, as long as they demonstrated self-control and moderation in the frequency and enjoyment of sex. At the same time, the prostitutes themselves were considered shameful: most were either slaves or former slaves, or if free by birth relegated to the infames, people utterly lacking in social standing and deprived of most protections accorded to citizens under Roman law, a status they shared with actors and gladiators, all of whom, however, exerted sexual allure. Some large brothels in the 4th century, when Rome was becoming officially Christianized, seem to have been counted as tourist attractions and were possibly state-owned. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meretrix, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Source Data |
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Rank | genus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : Meretrix | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Meretrix | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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Scientific Name | Meretrix Lamarck, 1799 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name Published In | Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. de. 1799. Prodrome d’une nouvelle classification des coquilles, comprenant une rédaction appropriée des caractères génériques, et l’établissement d’un grand nombre de genres nouveaux. Mémoires de la Société d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris 1: 63-91. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Opinions (PBDB) |
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Status (PBDB) | extant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxon Size (PBDB) | 24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Extant Size (PBDB) | 1 (4.2%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
First Recorded Appearance | 101 - 94 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Motility | facultatively mobile (based on Veneridae) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vision | blind (based on Bivalvia) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diet | suspension feeder (based on Veneridae) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taphonomy | aragonite (based on Veneridae) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary Reference (PBDB) | J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Name(s) | ハマグリ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meretrix |
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
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Callista concinna species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Callista obscurata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Cytherea nuttalliopsis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Cytherea splendida species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Cytherea subimpressa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix arnaudi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix arntzenii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix astricta species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix attenuata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix aurora species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix bosworthi ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Meretrix californiana species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix casta species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix cornelli ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Meretrix coronada species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix dalli species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix dalli ✝ species | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
Meretrix dufouri species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix fabulina species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix gaasensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix gabbi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix haudelegans species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix heluanensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix hikoshimensis species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 28.4 Ma Oligocene | 28.4 Ma Oligocene | |
Meretrix hornii ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 21 | 59.2 Ma Paleocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
Meretrix ickeae species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix indica species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 61.6 Ma Paleocene | 61.6 Ma Paleocene | |
Meretrix inornata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix intercalaris species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix jogjacartensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix lamarckii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix longa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix longior species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix lusoria species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix lyrata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix macbeani ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
Meretrix marshana ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Meretrix meretrix species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix mokattamensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix morphina species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix mortoni ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Meretrix negritosensis ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 23.0 Ma Miocene | |
Meretrix neusensis ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 6 | 41.3 Ma Eocene | 28.4 Ma Oligocene | |
Meretrix nitida ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
Meretrix nutalliopsis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix nuttalliopsis ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
Meretrix olequahensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix ovalis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix perplexa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix persica ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 11.6 Ma Miocene | |
Meretrix petechialis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix pittsburgensis ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Meretrix planisulcata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix progoensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix pseudomeretrix ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Meretrix sadeki species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix shantii species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | |
Meretrix sinuatocostata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix stantoni ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 8 | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 59.2 Ma Paleocene | |
Meretrix subimpressa ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 2 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
Meretrix subtrigona species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix sylvaerupis ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Meretrix tigris species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix tonioloi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix undulifera species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix uniomeris species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix uvasana ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 21 | 59.2 Ma Paleocene | 41.3 Ma Eocene | |
Meretrix vestita species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Meretrix yoakumi ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Pitaria baldryi species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
Pitaria buenavistana ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 11.6 Ma Miocene | 11.6 Ma Miocene | |
Pitaria buenovistana species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Pitaria calcanea species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
Pitaria conradi species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | |
Pitaria palmeri species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | |
Pitaria silicifluvia species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
Pitaria stocki ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 41.3 Ma Eocene | 41.3 Ma Eocene | |
Pitaria yasila species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 41.3 Ma Eocene | 41.3 Ma Eocene |
Obsolete Names
Name | Source | Taxon Rank | Taxonomy |
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Cytheraea Lamarck, 1805 | GBIF | genus | Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : Cytheraea |
Synonymy List
Year | Name and Author |
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1799 | Meretrix Lamarck |
1855 | Cytherea (Meretrix) Conrad p. 72 |
1922 | Meretrix Packard p. 423 |
1922 | Meretrix Woods p. 72 |
1928 | Meretrix Nagao p. 65 |
1980 | Meretrix Vokes p. 169 |
1984 | Meretrix Pugaczewska p. 55 |
2002 | Meretrix Sepkoski, Jr. |
2010 | Meretrix Bouchet et al. |