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Achistrum ✝

Photos

Photo Gallery

Achistrum sp.

Mazon Creek, Will County, Illinois, USA

Achistrum sp.

Mazon Creek, Will County, Illinois, USA

Achistrum sp.

Mazon Creek, Will County, Illinois, USA

Achistrum sp.

Mazon Creek, Will County, Illinois, USA

Achistrum sp.

Mazon Creek, Will County, Illinois, USA

Achistrum sp.

Mazon Creek, Will County, Illinois, USA

Description

Achistrum is an extinct genus of sea cucumber which existed in Poland during the Triassic period, and the United States during the Carboniferous period. It contains the species Achistrum nicholsoni and Achistrum ludwigi.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achistrum, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3249784	https://www.gbif.org/species/3249784
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	31287	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=31287

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Holothuroidea : Apodida : Achistridae : Achistrum

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Holothuroidea : Apodida : Achistridae : Achistrum

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata	Klein 1754
class	Holothuroidea
order	Apodida	Brandt 1835
family	Achistridae	Frizzell and Exline 1955
genus	Achistrum	Etheridge 1881

Scientific Name

Achistrum Etheridge, 1881

Name Published In

Proc. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh, 6

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Achistrum	genus	belongs to Synaptidae	stated without evidence	Deflandre-Rigaud, 1952
Achistrum	genus	belongs to Achistridae	implied	Langenheim and Epis, 1957
Achistrum	genus	belongs to Achistridae	stated without evidence	Hampton, 1958
Achistrum	genus	belongs to Calclamnidae	stated without evidence	Gutschick, 1959
Achistrum	genus	belongs to Achistridae	stated without evidence	Fletcher, 1962
Achistrum	genus	objective synonym of Achistrulum	stated without evidence	Deflandre-Rigaud, 1962
Achistrum	genus	belongs to Achistridae	stated without evidence	Frizzell and Exline, 1966
Achistrum	genus	belongs to Achistridae	implied	Wernlund, 1977
Achistrum	genus	belongs to Achistridae	stated without evidence	Soodan, 1986
Achistrum	genus	belongs to Apodida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Achistrum	genus	belongs to Achistridae	stated without evidence	Bohaty and Herbig, 2010

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

408 - 393 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian

Last Recorded Appearance

113 - 101 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Environment

marine (based on Echinodermata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Apodida)

Vision

blind (based on Holothuroidea)

Diet

detritivore (based on Apodida)

Reproduction

dispersal=water,planktonic (based on Echinodermata)

Ontogeny

accretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata)

Taphonomy

high Mg calcite (based on Apodida)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. Etheridge. 1881. On the presence of scattered skeletal remains of Holothuroidea in the Carboniferous limestone series of Scotland. Proceeding of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh 6:183-198

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achistrum

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Achistrum (Achistrum) brownwoodensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		5	315 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Achistrum (Cancellrum) bicordata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Achistrum (Cancellrum) britanica ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Achistrum (Cancellrum) meltonensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Achistrum (Cancellrum) pilgrimi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	161 Ma Jurassic	161 Ma Jurassic
Achistrum (Cancellrum) trichordata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	161 Ma Jurassic	161 Ma Jurassic
Achistrum (Cancellrum) warboysensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Achistrum beckmanni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	242 Ma Middle Triassic	242 Ma Middle Triassic
Achistrum bicordata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Achistrum brevis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Achistrum brevis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	212 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	212 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Achistrum britanica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Achistrum coloculum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Achistrum cordatum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Achistrum frizzelli ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Achistrum gamma ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	161 Ma Jurassic
Achistrum issleri ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		16	260 Ma Permian	156 Ma Jurassic
Achistrum longirostrum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	237 Ma Middle Triassic	212 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Achistrum ludwigi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		4	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Achistrum meltonensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Achistrum monochordata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		46	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Achistrum multiperforatum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	382 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Achistrum nicholsoni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	315 Ma Carboniferous
Achistrum permianum ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	260 Ma Permian	260 Ma Permian
Achistrum pilgrimi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Achistrum pulchrum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	237 Ma Middle Triassic
Achistrum triassicum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Achistrum trichordata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Achistrum tuto ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Achistrum varicum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Achistrum warboysensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Aduncrum cordatum ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Ancistrum brownwoodensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ancistrum issleri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ancistrum ludwigi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Astrophyton permianum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Adencrum (Hampton, 1958)	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Echinodermata : Holothuroidea : Apodida : Achistridae : *Adencrum*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1881	Achistrum Etheridge p. 194
1952	Achistrum Deflandre-Rigaud p. 8
1957	Achistrum Langenheim and Epis p. 167
1958	Achistrum Hampton p. 75
1958	Achistrum (Achistrum) Hampton p. 75
1958	Achistrum (Spinrum) Hampton p. 75
1958	Achistrum (Aduncrum) Hampton p. 76
1958	Achistrum (Cancellrum) Hampton p. 76
1958	Achistrum Kornicker and Imbrie p. 96
1958	Achistrum Said and Barakat p. 268
1958	Achistrum Summerson and Campbell p. 967
1959	Achistrum Gutschick p. 132
1962	Achistrum Fletcher p. 323
1962	Achistrum (Achistrum) Fletcher p. 323
1962	Achistrum (Aduncrum) Fletcher p. 323
1962	Achistrum (Cancellrum) Fletcher p. 323
1962	Achistrum (Spinrum) Fletcher p. 323
1966	Achistrum Frizzell and Exline p. U665
1966	Aduncrum Frizzell and Exline p. U665
1967	Achistrum Garbowska and Wierzbowski p. 528
1967	Achistrum (Achistrum) Garbowska and Wierzbowski p. 529
1967	Achistrum (Cancellrum) Garbowska and Wierzbowski p. 530
1967	Achistrum Gutschick et al. p. 1469

Year	Name and Author
1969	Achistrum Górka and Luszczewska p. 381
1969	Achistrum (Achistrum) Górka and Luszczewska p. 381
1969	Achistrum (Cancellrum) Górka and Luszczewska p. 382
1971	Achistrum Kozur and Mostler p. 26
1971	Achistrum Mostler p. 8
1971	Achistrum Zawidzka p. 434
1971	Achistrum (Cancellrum) Zawidzka p. 434
1976	Achistrum Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd p. 12
1977	Achistrum Wernlund p. 42
1986	Achistrum Soodan p. 64
1987	Achistrum Soodan and Whatley p. 167
1987	Achistrum (Achistrum) Soodan and Whatley p. 167
1987	Achistrum (Aduncrum) Soodan and Whatley p. 167
1987	Achistrum (Cancellrum) Soodan and Whatley p. 168
1992	Achistrum Gilliland p. 194
1992	Achistrum Henderson et al. p. 13
1992	Adencrum Henderson et al. p. 13 figs. Pl. 2, L
1999	Achistrum Reich p. 385
2001	Achistrum Boczarowski p. 156
2002	Achistrum Kalita et al. p. 141
2002	Achistrum Sepkoski, Jr.
2002	Aduncrum Sepkoski, Jr.
2010	Achistrum Bohaty and Herbig p. 380

References

Etheridge R. On the presence of scattered skeletal remains of Holothuroidea in the Carboniferous limestone series of Scotland, Proceeding of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh 6, 183-198

Deflandre-Rigaud M. (1952) Contribution à la connaissance des sclérites d'holothurides fossiles, Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique de Monaco 1012, 1-15

Langenheim R. L., Epis R. C. (1957) Holothurian sclerites from the Mississippian Escabrosa limestone, Arizona, Micropaleontology 3 2, 165-170

Hampton J. S. (1958) Subgenera of the Holothurian Genus Achistrum, Micropaleontology 4 1, 75-77

Kornicker L. S., Imbrie I. (1958) Holothurian sclerites from the Florena Shale (Permian) of Kansas, Micropaleontology 4, 93-96

Said R., Barakat M. G. (1958) Jurassic Microfossils from Gebel Maghara, Sinai, Egypt, Micropaleontology 4 3, 231-272

Summerson C. H., Campbell L. J. (1958) Holothurian Sclerites from the Kendrick Shale of Eastern Kentucky, Journal of Paleontology 32 5, 961-969

Gutschick R. C. (1959) Lower Mississippian holothurian sclerites from the Rockford Limestone of northern Indiana, Journal of Paleontology 33, 130-137

Fletcher B. N. (1962) Some holothurian spicules from the Ampthill Clay of Melton, near Hull (Yorkshire), Geological Magazine 99 4, 322-326

Frizzell D. L., Exline H. (1966) Holothuroidea - Fossil Record, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part U. Echinodermata 3. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press 2, U646-U672

Garbowska J., Wierzbowski A. (1967) Some holothurian sclerites from the Polish Jurassic, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 12 4, 523-541

Gutschick R. C., Canis W. F., et al (1967) Kinderhook (Mississippian) holothurian sclerites from Montana and Missouri, Journal of Paleontology 41 6, 1461-1480

Górka H., Luszczewska L. (1969) Holothurian sclerites from the Polish Jurassic and Tertiary, Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego 39 1-3, 68-79

Kozur H., Mostler H. (1971) Holothurien-Sklerite und Conodonten aus der Mittel- und Obertrias von Köveskál (Balatonhochland, Ungarn), Geologisch-Paläontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 1 10, 1-36

Mostler H. (1971) Mikrofaunen aus dem UnterKarbon vom Hindukusch, GeologischPaläontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 1 12, 1-19

Zawidzka K. (1971) Triassic Holothurian sclerites from Tatra mountains, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 16 4, 429-450

Mostler H., Rahimi-Yazd A. (1976) Neue Holothuriensklerite aus dem Oberperm von Julfa in Nordiran, Geologisch-Paläontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 5, 1-35

Wernlund R. J. (1977) , Biostratigraphy and paleocology of Holothurian sclerites from the Pinery Member, Bell Canyon Formation (Permian) of the Delaware Basin of West Texas. Master thesis, Geosciences Faculty of Texas Tech University, 1-122

Soodan K. S. (1986) Fossil Holothurioidea from the Triassic sequence of Spiti Himalaya, India, Geoscience Journal, Lucknow 7 1, 61-70

Soodan K. S., Whatley R. (1987) Fossil Holothuroidea from the Jurassic of Great Britain. Part - 1, Geoscience Journal, Lucknow 8 1-2, 163-174

Gilliland P. M. (1992) Holothurians in the Blue Lias of Southern Britain, Palaeontology 35 1, 159-210

Henderson A. S., Talwar A. D., et al (1992) Some Holothurian sclerites from the Corallian Group of north Dorset, Proceedings of the Ussher Society 8, 11-14

Reich M. (1999) über Achistrum huckei (Frizzell & Hexline 1956) [Holothuroidea, Echinodermata] aus der Unterkreide von Bartin (Hinterpommern), Greifswalder Geowissenschaftliche Beiträge 6, 383-391

Boczarowski A. (2001) Isolated sclerites of Devonian nonpelmatozoan echinoderms, Palaeontologia Polonica 59, 3-220

Kalita K. D., Kulshreshtha S. K., et al (2002) Fossil holothurian sclerite assemblage from the Callovian-Oxfordian rocks of Jaisalmer, Western Rajasthan, India, Journal Palaeontological Society, India 47, 137-144

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Bohaty J., Herbig H.-G. (2010) Middle Givetian echinoderms from the Schlade Valley (Rhenish Massif, Germany): habitats, taxonomy and ecostratigraphy, Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 84, 365-385

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Proc. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh, 6 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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