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Ziphiidae

Photos

Photo Gallery

Description

Beaked whales are one of the least known groups of mammals because of their deep-sea habitat and apparent low abundance. Only three to four of the 22 species are reasonably well-known. Baird's beaked whales and Cuvier's beaked whales were subject to commercial exploitation, off the coast of Japan, while the northern bottlenose whale was extensively hunted in the northern part of the North Atlantic late in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziphiidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3240210	https://www.gbif.org/species/3240210
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	42951	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42951

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Ziphiidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
order	Cetacea	Brisson 1762
-	Pelagiceti	Uhen 2008
-	Neoceti	Fordyce and de Muizon 2001
suborder	Odontoceti	Flower 1867
-	Synrhina	Geisler et al. 2011
family	Ziphiidae	Gray 1850

Common Name

beaked whale

Scientific Name

Ziphiidae

Name Published In

Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.528

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Delphinidae	stated without evidence	Gray, 1864
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Delphinoidea	stated without evidence	Gray, 1865
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Denticete	stated without evidence	Gray, 1866
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Odontoceti	stated without evidence	Flower, 1867
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Ziphioidea	stated without evidence	Gray, 1868
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Denticete	stated without evidence	Gill, 1871
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Physeteroidea	stated without evidence	Gray, 1871
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Denticete	stated without evidence	Gill, 1872
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Physeteridae	stated without evidence	Lydekker, 1887
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Odontoceta	stated without evidence	Ameghino, 1889
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Ziphioidea	stated without evidence	Cope, 1895
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Physeteridae	stated without evidence	Trouessart, 1898
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Odontoceti	stated without evidence	Abel, 1905
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Squaloceti	stated without evidence	Abel, 1914
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Odontoceti	stated without evidence	Miller, 1923
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Squaloceti	stated without evidence	Portis, 1925
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Odontoceti	stated without evidence	Kellogg, 1928
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Squaloceti	stated without evidence	Dal Piaz, 1929
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Odontocete	stated without evidence	Hay, 1930
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Squaloceti	stated without evidence	Van Deinse, 1931
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Odontoceti	stated without evidence	Slijper, 1936
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Physeteroidea	stated without evidence	Simpson, 1945
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Ziphioidea	stated without evidence	Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott, 1951
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Odontoceti	stated without evidence	Scheffer and Rice, 1963
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Hyperoodontidae	stated without evidence	Moore, 1968
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Ziphioidea	stated without evidence	Kasuya, 1973
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Physeteroidea	stated without evidence	Ginsburg and Janvier, 1975
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Odontoceti	stated without evidence	Loughlin and Perez, 1985
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Ziphioidea	stated without evidence	Barnes et al., 1985
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Odontoceti	implied	Carroll, 1988
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Ziphiinae	stated without evidence	Muizon, 1990
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Ziphioidea	stated without evidence	Muizon, 1990
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Cetacea	implied	Nowak, 1991
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Odontoceti	stated without evidence	Benton, 1993
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Ziphiinae	stated without evidence	Bianucci et al., 1994
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Ziphioidea	stated without evidence	Bianucci et al., 1994
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Odontoceti	stated without evidence	Bianucci, 1997
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Physeteridae	implied	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Ziphioidea	stated without evidence	Rice, 1998
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Mysticeti	stated without evidence	Bergqvist et al., 1999
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Delphinoidea	stated without evidence	Norman and Mead, 2001
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Ziphioidea	stated without evidence	Fordyce and de Muizon, 2001
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Physeteroidea	stated without evidence	Geisler and Sanders, 2003
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Odontoceti	stated without evidence	Mead and Brownell, 2005
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Ziphioidea	stated without evidence	Gingerich, 2005
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Odontoceti	stated without evidence	Lambert, 2005
Ziphiidae	tribe	belongs to Ziphioidea	stated without evidence	Berta et al., 2006
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Odontoceti	stated without evidence	Bianucci et al., 2007
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Ziphioidea	stated without evidence	Bianucci and Landini, 2007
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Odontoceti	stated without evidence	Agnarsson and May-Collado, 2008
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Ziphioidea	stated without evidence	Foekens, 2008
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Odontoceti	stated without evidence	Bianucci et al., 2010
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Eurhinodelphinoidea	stated without evidence	Bianucci et al., 2011
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Synrhina	stated without evidence	Geisler et al., 2011
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Odontoceti	stated with evidence	Bianucci et al., 2016
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Odontoceti	stated without evidence	Bianucci et al., 2016
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Synrhina	stated with evidence	Marx et al., 2016
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Synrhina	stated without evidence	Berta, 2017
Ziphiidae	family	belongs to Odontoceti	stated without evidence	Lambert et al., 2018

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

115

Extant Size (PBDB)

38 (33%)

First Recorded Appearance

28.1 - 23.0 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

marine,freshwater (based on Odontoceti)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Cetacea)

Diet

piscivore, carnivore

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Odontoceti)

Ontogeny

modification of parts (based on Cetacea)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite (based on Odontoceti)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. E. Gray. 1850. Catalogue of the Mammalia in the collection of the British Museum, with descriptions of all the species and figures of the genera. Part I. Cetacea

Common Name(s)

Beaked Whale, Beaked Whales, Nebbhvalfamilien, Nebbkvalfamilien, Näbbvalar, Spisshvalfamilien, Spisskvalfamilien, Spitssnuitdolfijnen, アカボウクジラ

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziphiidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Anarnacinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Berardiinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		16	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Hyperoodontinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		147	28.1 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Ziphiinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	Beaked Whale	49	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Indopacetina subtribe	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Tasmacetina subtribe	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Ziphiina subtribe	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Africanacetus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	16.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Anoplonassa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	23.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Aporotus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	16.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Archaeoziphius ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Belemnoziphius ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	11.6 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Beneziphius ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	11.6 Ma Miocene	7.25 Ma Miocene
Caviziphius ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	20.4 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Cetorhynchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	23.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Chavinziphius ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	7.25 Ma Miocene	7.25 Ma Miocene
Chimuziphius ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Choneziphius ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		18	23.0 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Dagonodum ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Globicetus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	7.25 Ma Miocene	7.25 Ma Miocene
Ihlengesi ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Imocetus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	7.25 Ma Miocene	7.25 Ma Miocene
Izikoziphius ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	16.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Khoikhoicetus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	16.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Medocinia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Messapicetus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	20.4 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Microberardius ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Nazcacetus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	7.25 Ma Miocene	7.25 Ma Miocene
Nenga ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	16.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Ninoziphius ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	23.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Notocetus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	23.0 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Notoziphius ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Pterocetus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Rhinostodes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Squalodelphis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	23.0 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Squaloziphius ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Tasmacetus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Tusciziphius ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	23.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Xhosacetus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	16.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Ziphirostrum ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	16.0 Ma Miocene	7.25 Ma Miocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Synostodon Vanden Broeck, 1874	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Ziphiidae : *Synostodon*
Eboroziphius coelops (Leidy, 1876)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Ziphiidae : *Eboroziphius coelops*
Pelycorhamphus pertortus Cope, 1895	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Ziphiidae : *Pelycorhamphus pertortus*
Choneziphiidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Choneziphiidae
Ziphiopsis phymatodes Du Bus, 1868	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Ziphiidae : *Ziphiopsis phymatodes*
Xiphidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Xiphidae
Ziphiopsis servatus Du Bus, 1868	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Ziphiidae : *Ziphiopsis servatus*
Dioplodon senensis (Capellini, 1885)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Ziphiidae : *Dioplodon senensis*
Hyperoodontini	GBIF	family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Hyperoodontini
Choneziphius coelops (Leidy, 1876)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Ziphiidae : *Choneziphius coelops*
Mesoplodon senensis (Capellini, 1885)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Ziphiidae : *Mesoplodon senensis*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1846	Hyperoodontina Gray p. Del
1849	Hyperoodontina Bonaparte p. 618
1850	Hyperoodontina Bonaparte p. 1
1850	Ziphiidae Gray p. 241
1864	Hyperoodontina Gray p. 239
1864	Ziphiina Gray p. 241
1865	Hyperoodontina Gray p. 528
1865	Ziphiina Gray p. 529
1866	Hyperoodontidae Gray p. 62
1866	Ziphiidae Gray p. 325
1867	Ziphiina Flower p. 115
1868	Ziphiopsis servatus Du Bus
1868	Ziphiopsis Du Bus p. 628
1868	Ziphiopsis phymatodes Du Bus p. 628
1868	Hyperoodontidae Gray p. 9
1868	Ziphiidae Gray p. 10
1871	Ziphiidae Gill p. 124
1871	Ziphiidae Gray p. 99
1872	Ziphiina Gill p. 96
1872	Ziphiopsis Gill p. 96
1873	Ziphiidae Gill p. 27
1874	Ziphiopsis phymatodes Vanden Broeck p. 146
1874	Ziphiopsis servatus Vanden Broeck p. 146
1874	Synostodon Vanden Broeck p. 147
1876	Eboroziphius Leidy p. 81
1876	Eboroziphius coelops Leidy p. 81
1877	Eboroziphius coelops Leidy p. 224
1880	Ziphiopsis phymatodes Van Beneden and Gervais p. 416
1880	Ziphiopsis servatus Van Beneden and Gervais p. 416
1885	Dioplodon senensis Capellini p. 298 figs. Plate 1, Fig. 13-16
1887	Ziphiina Lydekker p. 63
1889	Ziphiidae Ameghino p. 887
1894	Dioplodon senensis Vigliarolo p. 15
1895	Choneziphiidae Cope p. 137
1895	Pelycorhamphus Cope pp. 137-139
1895	Pelycorhamphus pertortus Cope p. 137
1895	Ziphiina Cope p. 137
1898	Pelycorhamphus Trouessart p. 1057
1898	Pelycorhamphus pertortus Trouessart p. 1057
1898	Ziphiina Trouessart p. 1057
1898	Choneziphius coelops Trouessart p. 1060
1898	Ziphiopsis Trouessart p. 1061
1898	Ziphiopsis phymatodes Trouessart p. 1061
1898	Ziphiopsis servatus Trouessart p. 1061
1898	Mesoplodon senensis Trouessart p. 1065
1902	Choneziphius coelops Hay p. 596
1902	Pelycorhamphus Hay p. 597
1902	Pelycorhamphus pertortus Hay p. 597
1904	Eboroziphius Palmer p. 248
1904	Pelycorhamphus Palmer p. 521
1904	Ziphiopsis Palmer p. 715
1904	Pelycorhamphus Trouessart p. 775
1904	Pelycorhamphus pertortus Trouessart p. 775
1904	Choneziphius coelops Trouessart p. 776
1904	Ziphiopsis Trouessart p. 776
1904	Ziphiopsis phymatodes Trouessart p. 776
1904	Ziphiopsis servatus Trouessart p. 776
1904	Mesoplodon senensis Trouessart p. 777
1905	Ziphiina Abel p. 88
1908	Ziphiina True p. 391
1911	Dioplodon senensis Capellini p. 115
1914	Ziphiidae Abel p. 221
1919	Ziphiina Abel p. 767
1923	Ziphiina Miller p. 40
1925	Ziphiidae Portis p. 14
1928	Ziphiidae Kellogg p. 32 figs. Table 1
1928	Eboroziphius Kellogg p. 33 figs. Table 1
1928	Pelycorhamphus Kellogg p. 33 figs. Table 1
1929	Ziphiina Dal Piaz p. 82
1930	Ziphiina Hay p. 582
1930	Eboroziphius Hay p. 583
1930	Eboroziphius coelops Hay p. 583
1930	Pelycorhamphus Hay p. 583
1930	Pelycorhamphus pertortus Hay p. 584

Year	Name and Author
1931	Ziphiidae Van Deinse p. 33
1936	Ziphiidae Slijper p. 549
1945	Eboroziphius Simpson p. 101
1945	Ziphiina Simpson p. 101
1951	Ziphiidae Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott p. 723
1960	Ziphiina Fraser and Purves p. 112 figs. Figure 26
1963	Ziphiidae Scheffer and Rice p. 8
1968	Ziphiini Moore p. 238
1968	Hyperoodontidae Moore p. 276
1968	Hyperoodontini Moore p. 276
1973	Ziphiina Kasuya p. 61
1975	Ziphiina Ginsburg and Janvier p. 82
1975	Eboroziphius Mead p. 750 figs. Table 1
1975	Pelycorhamphus Mead p. 750 figs. Table 1
1982	Mesoplodon (Dioplodon) senensis Pilleri and Pilleri p. 311
1984	Ziphiina Muizon p. 135
1985	Ziphiina Barnes et al. p. 26
1985	Ziphiidae Loughlin and Perez p. 1
1985	Ziphiidae Pilleri p. 30
1987	Mesoplodon senensis Pilleri p. 88
1988	Eboroziphius Carroll
1988	Ziphiina Carroll
1990	Ziphiini Muizon
1990	Ziphiina Muizon p. 294
1991	Ziphiina Nowak
1991	Ziphiidae Vidal p. 5
1993	Ziphiidae Benton p. 379
1994	Ziphiina Bianucci et al. p. 232
1994	Ziphiini Bianucci et al. p. 238
1994	Ziphiina Fordyce and Barnes p. 428 figs. Table 1
1994	Ziphiina Morgan p. 254
1995	Ziphiina Fordyce et al. p. 379
1997	Ziphiidae Bianucci p. 61
1997	Hyperoodontidae McKenna and Bell p. 381
1997	Pelycorhamphus McKenna and Bell p. 381
1997	Ziphiina McKenna and Bell p. 381
1997	Eboroziphius McKenna and Bell p. 382
1998	Ziphiina Rice p. 86
1999	Ziphiidae Bergqvist et al. p. 31
2001	Ziphiina Fordyce and de Muizon p. 179
2001	Ziphiidae Norman and Mead p. 1
2002	Ziphiidae Rice p. 231 figs. Table 1
2002	Eboroziphius Sepkoski, Jr.
2003	Ziphiina Geisler and Sanders p. 29
2005	Ziphiidae Gingerich p. 237 figs. Table 15.1
2005	Ziphiina Lambert p. 445
2005	Eboroziphius Lambert p. 446
2005	Pelycorhamphus Lambert p. 446
2005	Pelycorhamphus pertortus Lambert p. 482
2005	Ziphiidae Mead and Brownell p. 739
2006	Ziphiina Berta et al. p. 501
2006	Ziphiina Lambert and Louwye p. 182
2007	Ziphiidae Bianucci et al. p. 565
2007	Ziphiidae Bianucci and Landini p. 45 figs. Table 2.1
2008	Ziphiidae Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 981 figs. Fig. 4.3
2008	Ziphiidae Foekens p. 7 figs. Table 1
2008	Ziphiidae Uhen et al. p. 578
2008	Eboroziphius Uhen et al. p. 579
2008	Eboroziphius coelops Uhen et al. p. 579
2008	Pelycorhamphus Uhen et al. p. 579
2008	Pelycorhamphus pertortus Uhen et al. p. 579
2008	Ziphiidae Whitmore and Kaltenbach p. 194
2009	Ziphiidae Rice p. 235 figs. Table 1
2010	Ziphiidae Bianucci et al. p. 1080
2011	Ziphiidae Bianucci et al. p. 567
2011	Ziphiidae Geisler et al. p. 29 figs. Figure 5
2016	Ziphiidae Bianucci et al. p. 65
2016	Ziphiidae Bianucci et al.
2016	Ziphiidae Marx et al. p. 129
2017	Ziphiidae Berta p. 161
2017	Eboroziphius Berta p. 162
2018	Ziphiidae Lambert et al. p. 138
2018	Ziphiidae Ramassamy et al. p. 14

References

Gray J. E. , Catalogue of the Mammalia in the collection of the British Museum, with descriptions of all the species and figures of the genera. Part I. Cetacea, 1-153

Gray J. E. On the cetaceous animals, The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, under the command of Capt. Sir J. C. Ross, R. N., F. R. S., during the years 1839 to 1843 1 & 2, 1-53

Bonaparte C.-L. , Conspectus Systematis Mastozoologiae. Editio Altera Reformata [Survey of the system of mammals. Second revised edition]. E. J. Brill, Leyden, 1

Gray J. E. On the Cetacea which have been observed in the seas surrounding the British Islands, Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, 195-248

Gray J. E. , Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum, 1-402

Flower W. H. Description of the skeleton of Inia geoffrensis and the skull of Pontoporia blainvillii, with remarks on the systematic position of these animals in the Order Cetacea, Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 6, 87-116

Du Bus B. Sur differents Ziphiides nouveaux du crag d'Anvers, Bulletins de L'Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts 25, 621-630

Gray J. E. , Synopsis of the species of whales and dolphins in the Collection of the British Museum, 1-10

Gill T. Synopsis of the primary subdivisions of the cetaceans, Communications of the Essex Institute 6, 121-126

Gill T. Arrangement of the Families of Mammals, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 11 230, 1-98

Vanden Broeck E. Esquisse Geologique & paleontologique des depots Pliocenes des Environs d'Anvers, Memoires de la Societe Malacologiques de Belgique 9, 87-374

Leidy J. Remarks on fossils from the Ashley Phosphate Beds, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1876, 80-81

Leidy J. Description of vertebrate remains, chiefly from the phosphate beds of South Carolina, Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8, 209-260

Van Beneden P. J., Gervais P. , Ostéographie des cétacés vivants et fossiles, comprenant la description et l'iconographie du squelette et du système dentaire de ces animaux; ainsi que des documents relatifs à leur histoire naturelle, 1-634

Capellini G. Resti fossili di Dioplodon e Mesoplodon, Memorie della R. Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna 6, 289-306

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Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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