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Balaena

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Description

Balaena is a genus of cetacean (whale) in the family Balaenidae. Balaena is considered a monotypic genus, as it has only a single extant species, the bowhead whale (B . mysticetus). It was first described in 1758 by Linnaeus, who at the time considered all of the right whales (and the bowhead) as a single species. Historically, both the family Balaenidae and genus Balaena were known by the common name, "right whales", however Balaena are now known as bowhead whales.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balaena, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2440308	https://www.gbif.org/species/2440308
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	36676	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36676

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenidae : Balaena

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
order	Cetacea	Brisson 1762
-	Pelagiceti	Uhen 2008
-	Neoceti	Fordyce and de Muizon 2001
suborder	Mysticeti	Cope 1891
-	Chaeomysticeti
family	Balaenidae	Gray 1821
genus	Balaena	Linnæus 1758

Common Name

bowhead whale

Scientific Name

Balaena Linnaeus, 1758

Name Published In

Linnæus, Carolus. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. Vol. Tomus I, Editio decima, reformata: i-ii, 1-824.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Balaena	genus	belongs to Cete	stated without evidence	Linnaeus, 1758
Balaena	genus	belongs to Cetacea	stated without evidence	Brisson, 1762
Balaena	genus	belongs to Cete	stated without evidence	Illiger, 1811
Balaena	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Gray, 1821
Balaena	genus	belongs to Balaenina	stated without evidence	Gray, 1825
Balaena	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	De Kay, 1842
Balaena	genus	belongs to Balaeninae	stated without evidence	Flower, 1867
Balaena	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Cope, 1868
Balaena	genus	belongs to Balaeninae	stated without evidence	Lydekker, 1887
Balaena	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Ameghino, 1889
Balaena	genus	belongs to Balaeninae	stated without evidence	Trouessart, 1898
Balaena	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Balaena	genus	belongs to Balaeninae	stated without evidence	Trouessart, 1904
Balaena	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Turner, 1912
Balaena	genus	belongs to Balaeninae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1930
Balaena	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Simpson, 1945
Balaena	genus	belongs to Balaeninae	stated without evidence	Fraser and Purves, 1960
Balaena	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Scheffer and Rice, 1963
Balaena	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Balaena	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Rice, 1998
Balaena	genus	belongs to Cetacea	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Balaena	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Bisconti, 2003
Balaena	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated with evidence	Gol'din and Steeman, 2015
Balaena	genus	belongs to Balaenidae	stated without evidence	Berta, 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

5 (42%)

First Recorded Appearance

16.0 - 13.8 Ma
Miocene

Environment

marine (based on Mysticeti)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Cetacea)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Balaenidae)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Cetacea)

Ontogeny

modification of parts (based on Cetacea)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite (based on Mysticeti)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824

Common Name(s)

Right Whales, Bowhead Whale

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balaena

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Balaena affinis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balaena arcuata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Balaena dubusi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Balaena larteti ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Balaena lartetii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balaena macrocephalus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Balaena montalionis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Balaena mysticetus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Bowhead Whale	88	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Balaena pampaea ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	1.81 Ma Pleistocene	1.81 Ma Pleistocene
Balaena ricei ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Balaena vulgaris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Probalaena dubusii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Balaena balsami Cornalia, 1870	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenidae : Balaena : *Balaena balsami*
Balaena simpsoni (Phillipi, 1887)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenidae : Balaena : *Balaena simpsoni*
Balaena molassica (Jager, 1835)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenidae : Balaena : *Balaena molassica*
Baloena Lesson, 1827	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenidae : *Baloena*
Balaena tannenbergii Rathke, 1837	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenidae : Balaena : *Balaena tannenbergii*
Balena Scopoli, 1777	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenidae : *Balena*
Balaena tannenbergensis Rathke, 1837	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenidae : Balaena : *Balaena tannenbergensis*
Leiobalaena Eschricht, 1849	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenidae : *Leiobalaena*
Balaenoptera molassicus (Jager, 1835)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenidae : Balaena : *Balaenoptera molassicus*
Aulocetus molassicus (Jager, 1835)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenidae : Balaena : *Aulocetus molassicus*
Caperea simpsoni (Phillipi, 1887)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenidae : Balaena : *Caperea simpsoni*
Neobalaena simpsoni (Phillipi, 1887)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenidae : Balaena : *Neobalaena simpsoni*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1758	Balaena Linnaeus p. 75
1762	Balaena Brisson p. 218
1811	Balaena Illiger p. 141
1821	Balaena Gray p. 310
1825	Balaena Gray p. 340
1835	Balaenoptera molassicus Jaeger p. 7 figs. Pl. 1
1835	Balaena molassica Jager p. 1074 figs. Pl. 1
1837	Balaena tannenbergii Rathke
1842	Balaena De Kay p. 124
1846	Balaena Gray p. 15
1850	Balaena Gray p. 9
1853	Balaena Pictet p. 387
1863	Balaena Gray p. 198
1864	Balaena Gray p. 199
1865	Balaena Flower p. 390
1866	Balaena Gray p. 79
1867	Balaena Cope p. 144
1867	Balaena Flower p. 115
1868	Balaena Cope p. 193
1868	Balaena Gray p. 1
1869	Balaena Scammon and Cope p. 15
1870	Balaena balsami Cornalia
1871	Balaena Gill p. 126
1872	Balaena Brandt p. 119
1873	Balaena Brandt p. 20
1874	Balaena Brandt p. I
1875	Balaena balsami Van Beneden p. 757
1876	Aulocetus molassicus Van Beneden p. 493
1887	Balaena Lydekker p. 16
1887	Balaena simpsoni Philippi
1887	Balaena simpsoni Phillipi p. 24
1889	Balaena Ameghino p. 888
1890	Balaena Cope p. 612
1891	Balaena Newton p. 57
1894	Balaena Ameghino p. 436
1894	Balaena simpsoni Ameghino p. 436
1895	Balaena Cope p. 152
1898	Aulocetus molassicus Trouessart p. 1074
1898	Balaena Trouessart p. 1089
1898	Balaena balsami Trouessart p. 1089
1898	Balaena simpsoni Trouessart p. 1091
1902	Balaena Hay p. 601
1904	Balaena Case p. 55
1904	Balaena Palmer p. 131
1904	Aulocetus molassicus Trouessart p. 781
1904	Balaena Trouessart p. 786
1904	Balaena balsami Trouessart p. 787
1904	Balaena simpsoni Trouessart p. 787
1912	Balaena Turner p. 21
1919	Balaena Abel p. 753
1923	Balaena Miller p. 40
1925	Balaena Zittel p. 88
1926	Neobalaena simpsoni Schneider p. 155
1928	Balaena Kellogg p. 35 figs. Table 1
1928	Balaena Weber p. 389
1930	Balaena Hay p. 577
1945	Balaena Simpson p. 105
1951	Balaena Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott p. 718
1960	Balaena Fraser and Purves p. 112 figs. Figure 26
1963	Balaena Scheffer and Rice p. 9
1975	Caperea simpsoni Donoso-Barros p. 88
1987	Balaena Pilleri p. 77
1988	Balaena Carroll
1998	Balaena Rice p. 61
2002	Balaena Sepkoski, Jr.
2003	Balaena Bisconti p. 15
2003	Balaena Geisler and Sanders p. 27
2005	Balaena Mead and Brownell p. 723
2006	Balaena Bouetel and Muizon p. 386
2007	Balaena Steeman p. 880
2008	Balaena Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 981 figs. Fig. 5
2008	Balaena Uhen et al. p. 618
2008	Balaena Whitmore and Kaltenbach p. 256
2009	Balaena Bisconti p. 153
2010	Balaena simpsoni Canto et al. p. 22
2011	Balaena Ekdale et al. p. 39
2012	Balaena Churchill et al. p. 19
2014	Balaena Cioppi p. 87
2015	Balaena Gol'din and Steeman p. 13 figs. Figure 10
2015	Balaena Marx and Fordyce p. 4 figs. Figure 2
2016	Balaena Marx et al. p. 108
2017	Balaena Berta p. 167

Year	Name and Author
1758	Balaena Linnaeus p. 75
1762	Balaena Brisson p. 218
1811	Balaena Illiger p. 141
1821	Balaena Gray p. 310
1825	Balaena Gray p. 340
1835	Balaenoptera molassicus Jaeger p. 7 figs. Pl. 1
1835	Balaena molassica Jager p. 1074 figs. Pl. 1
1837	Balaena tannenbergii Rathke
1842	Balaena De Kay p. 124
1846	Balaena Gray p. 15
1850	Balaena Gray p. 9
1853	Balaena Pictet p. 387
1863	Balaena Gray p. 198
1864	Balaena Gray p. 199
1865	Balaena Flower p. 390
1866	Balaena Gray p. 79
1867	Balaena Cope p. 144
1867	Balaena Flower p. 115
1868	Balaena Cope p. 193
1868	Balaena Gray p. 1
1869	Balaena Scammon and Cope p. 15
1870	Balaena balsami Cornalia
1871	Balaena Gill p. 126
1872	Balaena Brandt p. 119
1873	Balaena Brandt p. 20
1874	Balaena Brandt p. I
1875	Balaena balsami Van Beneden p. 757
1876	Aulocetus molassicus Van Beneden p. 493
1887	Balaena Lydekker p. 16
1887	Balaena simpsoni Philippi
1887	Balaena simpsoni Phillipi p. 24
1889	Balaena Ameghino p. 888
1890	Balaena Cope p. 612
1891	Balaena Newton p. 57
1894	Balaena Ameghino p. 436
1894	Balaena simpsoni Ameghino p. 436
1895	Balaena Cope p. 152
1898	Aulocetus molassicus Trouessart p. 1074
1898	Balaena Trouessart p. 1089
1898	Balaena balsami Trouessart p. 1089
1898	Balaena simpsoni Trouessart p. 1091
1902	Balaena Hay p. 601
1904	Balaena Case p. 55
1904	Balaena Palmer p. 131
1904	Aulocetus molassicus Trouessart p. 781
1904	Balaena Trouessart p. 786
1904	Balaena balsami Trouessart p. 787
1904	Balaena simpsoni Trouessart p. 787
1912	Balaena Turner p. 21
1919	Balaena Abel p. 753
1923	Balaena Miller p. 40
1925	Balaena Zittel p. 88
1926	Neobalaena simpsoni Schneider p. 155
1928	Balaena Kellogg p. 35 figs. Table 1
1928	Balaena Weber p. 389
1930	Balaena Hay p. 577
1945	Balaena Simpson p. 105
1951	Balaena Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott p. 718
1960	Balaena Fraser and Purves p. 112 figs. Figure 26
1963	Balaena Scheffer and Rice p. 9
1975	Caperea simpsoni Donoso-Barros p. 88
1987	Balaena Pilleri p. 77
1988	Balaena Carroll
1998	Balaena Rice p. 61
2002	Balaena Sepkoski, Jr.
2003	Balaena Bisconti p. 15
2003	Balaena Geisler and Sanders p. 27
2005	Balaena Mead and Brownell p. 723
2006	Balaena Bouetel and Muizon p. 386
2007	Balaena Steeman p. 880
2008	Balaena Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 981 figs. Fig. 5
2008	Balaena Uhen et al. p. 618
2008	Balaena Whitmore and Kaltenbach p. 256
2009	Balaena Bisconti p. 153
2010	Balaena simpsoni Canto et al. p. 22
2011	Balaena Ekdale et al. p. 39
2012	Balaena Churchill et al. p. 19
2014	Balaena Cioppi p. 87
2015	Balaena Gol'din and Steeman p. 13 figs. Figure 10
2015	Balaena Marx and Fordyce p. 4 figs. Figure 2
2016	Balaena Marx et al. p. 108
2017	Balaena Berta p. 167

References

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Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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