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Arctocephalus townsendi

Description

The Guadalupe fur seal (Arctocephalus townsendi) is one of six members of the fur seal genus Arctocephalus. Sealers reduced the population to just a few dozen by the late 19th century, but the species had recovered to 10,000 in number by the late 1990s. Many individuals can be found on Mexico's Guadalupe Island.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)2433478https://www.gbif.org/species/2433478
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)71846https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=71846
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Arctocephalus : Arctocephalus townsendi
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Arctocephalus : Arctocephalus townsendi
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-LaurasiatheriaWaddell et al. 1999
-ScrotiferaWaddell et al. 1999
-FeraeLinnaeus 1758
-CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
-CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivoraBowditch 1821
superfamilyArctoideaFlower 1869
-PinnipedimorphaBerta et al. 1989
-Pinnipedia
superfamilyOtarioideaGray 1825
familyOtariidae
genusArctocephalusCuvier 1826
speciesArctocephalus townsendiMerriam 1897
Generic NameArctocephalus
Common NameGuadalupe fur seal
Scientific NameArctocephalus townsendi Merriam, 1897
Name Published InProc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.11 p.175
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Arctocephalus townsendispeciesbelongs to Arctocephalusstated without evidenceMerriam, 1897
Arctocephalus townsendispeciesbelongs to Arctocephalus (Arctocephalus)stated without evidenceTrouessart, 1904
Arctocephalus townsendispeciesbelongs to Arctocephalusstated without evidenceRepenning and Tedford, 1977
Arctocephalus townsendispeciesbelongs to Arctocephalusstated with evidenceDeméré et al., 2003
Arctocephalus townsendispeciesbelongs to Arctocephalusstated without evidenceCullen et al., 2014
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
Extant Size (PBDB)1 (100%)
First Recorded Appearance0.13 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentmarine (based on Pinnipedia)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietpiscivore (based on Otariidae)
Reproductionviviparous (based on Pinnipedimorpha)
Ontogenymodification of parts (based on Pinnipedimorpha)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite (based on Pinnipedimorpha)
Primary Reference (PBDB)E. L. Trouessart. 1904. Catalogus Mammalium Tam Viventium Quam Fossilium, Fourth Edition
Common Name(s) Guadalupe Fur Seal, Kurklu Fok, Lobo-fino De Guadalupe, Guadelupe-seebär
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctocephalus_townsendi

Fossil Distribution

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Arctophoca townsendi (Merriam, 1897)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Arctocephalus : Arctophoca townsendi
Arctocephalus philippii townsendi (Merriam, 1897)GBIFsubspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Arctocephalus : Arctocephalus philippii townsendi

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1897Arctocephalus townsendi Merriam
1904Arctocephalus (Arctocephalus) townsendi Trouessart p. 281
1977Arctocephalus townsendi Repenning and Tedford p. 73
1990Arctocephalus townsendi Riedman p. 58 figs. Table 2
1991Arctocephalus townsendi Vidal p. 6
2003Arctocephalus townsendi Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2014Arctocephalus townsendi Cullen et al. p. 1471 figs. Figure 1
2018Arctocephalus townsendi Berta et al. p. 215 figs. FIg. 5

References

Trouessart E. L. (1904) , Catalogus Mammalium Tam Viventium Quam Fossilium, Fourth Edition, 1-929
Repenning C. A., Tedford R. H. (1977) Otarioid seals of the Neogene, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 992, 1-93
Riedman M. (1990) The Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses, 1-439
Vidal O. (1991) Catalog of osteological collections of aquatic mammals from Mexico, NOAA Technical Reports NMFS 97, 1-36
Deméré T. A., Berta A., et al (2003) Pinnipedimorph evolutionary biogeography, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279, 32-76
Cullen T. M., Fraser D., et al (2014) Early evolution of sexual dimorphism and polygyny in Pinnipedia, Evolution 68 5, 1469-1484 doi:10.1111/evo.12360
Berta A., Churchill M., et al (2018) The Origin and Evolutionary Biology of Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 46, 203-228 doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010009
(1996) database, NODC Taxonomic Code - via Catalogue of Life
(2001) database, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad - via Catalogue of Life
(2001) website, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Program-03/01 - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2 - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) Common Names of Mammals of the World - via Catalogue of Life
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada: Resource Publication, no. 166 - via Catalogue of Life
Rice, Dale W. (1998) Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution: Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4 - via Catalogue of Life
Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005). Cetacea. In Wilson, D.E. & D.M. Reeder (eds). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. 723--743. - via World Register of Marine Species
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Rice, Dale W., 1998: Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4. ix + 231. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole, 2000: null. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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