| Description | The South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens, formerly Otaria byronia), also called the Southern Sea Lion and the Patagonian sea lion, is a sea lion found on the Ecuadorian, Peruvian, Chilean, Falkland Islands, Argentinean, Uruguayan, and Southern Brazilian coasts. It is the only member of the genus Otaria. Its scientific name was subject to controversy, with some taxonomists referring to it as Otaria flavescens and others referring to it as Otaria byronia. The former eventually won out, although that may still be overturned. Locally, it is known by several names, most commonly lobo marino (es)/lobo marinho (pt) (sea wolf) and león marino (es)/leão marinho (pt) (sea lion) and the hair seal.
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| Source Data | |
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| Rank | genus |
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| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Otaria |
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| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Otaria |
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| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted |
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Classification
(PBDB,GBIF) | |
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| Common Name | sea lion |
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| Scientific Name | Otaria Péron, 1816 |
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| Name Published In | Histoire de l’éléphant marin, ou phoque à trompe [Phoca proboscidae, N.]: pêches des Anglois aux Terres Australes in: Voyage de découvertes aux Terres Australes, exécuté sur les Corvettes le Géographe, le Naturaliste, et la Goëlette le Casuarina, pendant les années 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803 et 1804, vol. 2, p. 37, footnote |
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| Opinions (PBDB) | | Name | Rank | Opinion | Evidence | Author |
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| Otaria | genus | belongs to Otariina | stated without evidence | Gray, 1825 | | Otaria | genus | belongs to Phocidae | stated without evidence | Gray, 1850 | | Otaria | genus | belongs to Arctocephalina | stated with evidence | Gray, 1866 | | Otaria | genus | belongs to Otariidae | stated without evidence | Gill, 1866 | | Otaria | genus | belongs to Phocidae | stated without evidence | Ameghino, 1889 | | Otaria | genus | belongs to Otariidae | stated without evidence | Trouessart, 1898 | | Otaria | genus | belongs to Otariidae | stated with evidence | Turner, 1912 | | Otaria | genus | belongs to Otariidae | stated without evidence | Zittel, 1925 | | Otaria | genus | belongs to Otariinae | stated without evidence | Scheffer and Rice, 1963 | | Otaria | genus | belongs to Otariini | stated without evidence | Mitchell, 1968 | | Otaria | genus | belongs to Otariidae | stated without evidence | Repenning and Tedford, 1977 | | Otaria | genus | belongs to Otariinae | stated without evidence | Muizon, 1978 | | Otaria | genus | belongs to Otariinae | implied | McKenna and Bell, 1997 | | Otaria | genus | belongs to Otariidae | stated without evidence | Bergqvist et al., 1999 | | Otaria | genus | belongs to Carnivora | second hand | Sepkoski, 2002 | | Otaria | genus | belongs to Otariinae | stated with evidence | Deméré et al., 2003 | | Otaria | genus | belongs to Otariidae | stated without evidence | Berta et al., 2006 | | Otaria | genus | belongs to Otariidae | stated with evidence | Berta, 2009 | | Otaria | genus | belongs to Otariidae | stated without evidence | Valenzuela-Toro et al., 2013 | | Otaria | genus | belongs to Otariidae | stated with evidence | Boessenecker and Churchill, 2015 | | Otaria | genus | belongs to Otariidae | stated without evidence | Berta et al., 2018 |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant |
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| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 4 |
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| Extant Size (PBDB) | 3 (75%) |
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| First Recorded Appearance | 11.6 - 7.2 Ma
Miocene |
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| Environment | marine (based on Pinnipedia) |
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| Motility | actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes) |
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| Diet | piscivore (based on Otariidae) |
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| Reproduction | viviparous (based on Pinnipedimorpha) |
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| Ontogeny | modification of parts (based on Pinnipedimorpha) |
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| Taphonomy | hydroxylapatite (based on Pinnipedimorpha) |
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| Primary Reference (PBDB) | J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560 |
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| Common Name(s) | Sea Lion |
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| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otaria |
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| Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560 |
| Gray J. E. An outline of an attempt at the disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a list of genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe, Annals of Philosophy, new series 10, 337-344 |
| Gray J. E. , Catalogue of the Mammalia in the collection of the British Museum, with descriptions of all the species and figures of the genera. Part II. Seals, 1-48 |
| Gill T. Prodrome of a monograph of the pinnipedes, Proceedings of the Essex Institute 5 1, 1-13 |
| Gray J. E. , Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum, 1-402 |
| Ameghino F. Contribución al conocimiento de los mamíferos fósiles de la República Argentina [Contribution to the knowledge of the fossil mammals of the Argentine Republic], Actas de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de la República Argentina en Córdoba 6, xxxii-1027 |
| Trouessart E. L. , Catalogus mammalium tam viventium quam fossilum 5, 665-1264 |
| Palmer T. S. (1904) Index generum mammalium: a list of the genera and families of mammals, North American Fauna 23, 1-984 |
| Trouessart E. L. (1904) , Catalogus Mammalium Tam Viventium Quam Fossilium, Fourth Edition, 1-929 |
| Schneider C. O. (1926) Lista preliminar de los mamiferos fosiles de Chile, Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 30, 144-156 |
| Scheffer V. B., Rice D. W. (1963) A list of the marine mammals of the world, United States Fish and Wildlife Service Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 431, 1-12 |
| Mitchell E. D. (1968) The Mio-Pliocene pinniped Imagotaria, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 25 9, 1843-1900 |
| Repenning C. A., Tedford R. H. (1977) Otarioid seals of the Neogene, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 992, 1-93 |
| Muizon C. (1978) Arctocephalus (Hydrarctos) lomasiensis, subgen. nov. et nov sp., un nouvel Otariidae du Mio-Pliocene de Sacaco, Bulletin de l'Institute Francais d'Etudes Andines 7 3-4, 169-189 |
| Berta A., Deméré T. A. (1986) Callorhinus gilmorei n. sp., (Carnivora: Otariidae) from the San Diego Formation (Blancan) and its impliations for otariid phylogeny, Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 21 7, 111-126 |
| Barnes L. G. (1989) A new enaliarctine pinniped from the Astoria Formation, Oregon, and a classification of the Otariidae (Mammalia: Carnivora), Contributions in Science 403, 1-26 |
| Riedman M. (1990) The Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses, 1-439 |
| McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640 |
| Bergqvist L. P., Drehmer C. J., et al (1999) Aquatic mammal fossils from Brazil: A review 4 6, 28-32 |
| Deméré T. A., Berta A., et al (2003) Pinnipedimorph evolutionary biogeography, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279, 32-76 |
| Berta A. (2009) Pinniped Evolution, Encyclopedia of Marine Mammal Evolution, 861-868 |
| Valenzuela-Toro A. M., Gutstein C. S., et al (2013) Pinniped Turnover in the South Pacific Ocean: New Evidence from the Plio- Pleistocene of the Atacama Desert, Chile, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 1, 216-233 doi:10.1080/039.033.0103 |
| Boessenecker R. W., Churchill M. (2015) The oldest known fur seal, Biology Letters doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0835 |
| Berta A. (2018) Pinniped evolution, Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, 712-722 |
| Berta A., Churchill M., et al (2018) The Origin and Evolutionary Biology of Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 46, 203-228 doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010009 |
| International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 1962 Arctocephaliis F. Cuvier, 1826 and Cauorhinus Gray, 1859 (Mammalia, Pinnipedia): conserved by the designation of Phoca pusilla Schreber, 1775 as the type species of Arctocephalus; and Otaria Peron, 1816 and Eumetopias Gill, 1866: conserved by the designation of Phoca leonina Molina, 1782 as the type species of Otaria.Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 57(3), 193-195 (2000) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology |
| Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Aphia2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| Nomenclator Zoologicus (authority adjusted) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (editors). (2005). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd Ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 2,142 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| Rice, Dale W., 1998: Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4. ix + 231. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| in Péron & Lesueur, Voy. Aust., 2 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
Otaria
