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Monachinae

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	53274	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53274

Rank

subfamily (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Monachinae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Laurasiatheria	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Scrotifera	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Ferae	Linnaeus 1758
-	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
-	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora	Bowditch 1821
superfamily	Arctoidea	Flower 1869
-	Pinnipedimorpha	Berta et al. 1989
-	Pinnipedia
family	Phocidae	Gray 1821
subfamily	Monachinae	Trouessart 1897

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Monachinae	subfamily	belongs to Phocidae	stated without evidence	Trouessart, 1898
Monachinae	subfamily	belongs to Phocidae	stated with evidence	Deméré et al., 2003
Monachinae	subfamily	belongs to Phocidae	stated without evidence	Adam, 2004
Monachinae	subfamily	belongs to Phocidae	stated with evidence	Berta, 2009
Monachinae	subfamily	belongs to Phocidae	stated without evidence	Fulton and Strobeck, 2010
Monachinae	subfamily	belongs to Phocidae	stated with evidence	Berta et al., 2015
Monachinae	subfamily	belongs to Phocidae	stated without evidence	Boessenecker and Churchill, 2016
Monachinae	subfamily	belongs to Phocidae	stated with evidence	Berta, 2018
Monachinae	subfamily	belongs to Phocidae	stated without evidence	Berta et al., 2018

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

21 (40%)

First Recorded Appearance

23.0 - 20.4 Ma
Miocene

Environment

marine (based on Pinnipedia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

piscivore, carnivore (based on Phocidae)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Pinnipedimorpha)

Ontogeny

modification of parts (based on Pinnipedimorpha)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite (based on Pinnipedimorpha)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

E. L. Trouessart. 1897. Catalogus mammalium tam viventium quam fossilium. Fassiculus I-II I-II

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Lobodontini tribe	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Miroungini tribe	listed (PBDB)		1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Monachini tribe	listed (PBDB)		2	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Acrophoca ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	11.6 Ma Miocene	7.25 Ma Miocene
Afrophoca ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Auroraphoca ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Australophoca ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Callophoca ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		16	13.8 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Hadrokirus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	7.25 Ma Miocene	7.25 Ma Miocene
Homiphoca ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		16	23.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Hydrurga genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Leopard Seal	6	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Leptonychotes genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Weddell Seal	2	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Lobodon genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Crabeater Seal	6	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Mirounga genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Elephant Seal	46	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Monachus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Monk Seal	11	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Neomonachus genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Hawaiian Monk Seal	99	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Noriphoca ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Ommatophoca genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Ross Seal	2	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Palmidophoca ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	16.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Piscophoca ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	11.6 Ma Miocene	7.25 Ma Miocene
Pliophoca ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	7.25 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Pontophoca ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	13.8 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Virginiaphoca ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1847	Phoca occitana Gervais and de Serres p. 799
1852	Phoca occitana Gervais p. 140 figs. Plate VIII, Fig. 7
1853	Pristiphoca Gervais p. 309 figs. Plate VI, Fig. 4
1853	Pristiphoca occitana Gervais p. 309
1854	Phoca wymani Leidy
1857	Phoca wymani Leidy p. 265
1859	Paleophoca nystii Van Beneden pp. 255-258
1869	Phoca wymani Leidy p. 415
1874	Palaeophoca nystii Vanden Broeck p. 199
1876	Mesotaria Van Beneden p. 796
1893	Pristiphoca Depéret p. 204
1897	Monachinae Trouessart p. 378
1898	Mesotaria Trouessart p. 377
1898	Monachinae Trouessart p. 378
1898	Monachus (Pristiphoca) Trouessart p. 379
1898	Monachus (Pristiphoca) occitana Trouessart p. 379
1902	Phoca wymani Hay p. 785
1904	Phoca wymani Case p. 29
1904	Mesotaria Palmer p. 416
1904	Pristiphoca Palmer p. 563
1904	Mesotaria Trouessart p. 282
1904	Monachinae Trouessart p. 282
1904	Monachus (Pristiphoca) Trouessart p. 283
1904	Monachus (Pristiphoca) nysti Trouessart p. 283
1922	Monachinae Kellogg p. 87
1922	Mesotaria Kellogg p. 109
1922	Pristiphoca Kellogg p. 110
1922	Pristiphoca occitana Kellogg p. 110
1922	Paleophoca nystii Kellogg p. 111
1922	Phoca wymani Kellogg p. 120
1925	Pristiphoca Zittel p. 78
1928	Monachinae Weber p. 351
1930	Phoca wymani Hay p. 564
1947	Mesotaria Friant p. 5
1947	Monachinae Friant p. 5
1947	Monachus (Pristiphoca) Friant p. 6
1947	Monachus (Pristiphoca) occitanicus Friant p. 6
1950	Pristiphoca Thenius p. 106
1963	Monachinae Scheffer and Rice p. 3
1970	Monachinae Burns and Fay p. 380
1971	Monachinae Ginsburg and Janvier p. 163
1971	Pristiphoca Ginsburg and Janvier p. 163
1971	Monachinae Stirling p. 1
1972	Paleophoca nystii Hendey p. 100
1972	Pristiphoca Hendey p. 100
1972	Pristiphoca occitana Hendey p. 100
1974	Monachinae Hendey p. 66
1975	Pristiphoca Ginsburg and Janvier p. 78
1976	Phoca wymani Ray p. 4
1976	Paleophoca nystii Ray p. 394
1980	Monachinae Kurten and Anderson p. 207
1980	Monachinae Muizon and Hendey p. 94
1981	Monachinae Muizon p. 19
1981	Pristiphoca Muizon p. 135

Year	Name and Author
1981	Monachinae Muizon p. 183
1982	Monachinae Muizon p. 205 figs. Table 1
1982	Pristiphoca Muizon p. 205 figs. Table 1
1982	Monachinae Muizon and Bond p. 172
1990	Monachinae Riedman p. 57 figs. Table 2
1991	Monachinae Koretsky p. 41A
1992	Monachinae Ling and Bryden p. 1
1997	Mesotaria McKenna and Bell p. 259
1997	Pristiphoca McKenna and Bell p. 259
1998	Monachinae Rice
1999	Monachinae Ginsburg and Janvier p. 171
2001	Monachinae Koretsky p. 86
2001	Monotherium wymani Koretsky p. 86
2002	Monachinae Berta p. 923
2002	Paleophoca nystii Kazár p. 163
2002	Monachinae Koretsky and Grigorescu p. 150
2002	Monachinae Koretsky and Holec p. 175 figs. Fig. 9
2002	Mesotaria Sepkoski, Jr.
2002	Pristiphoca Sepkoski, Jr.
2003	Monachinae Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2003	Monotherium wymani Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2003	Pristiphoca Deméré et al. p. 63
2003	Phoca wymani Dooley p. 14
2004	Monachinae Adam p. 1
2004	Monachinae Davis et al. p. 365
2008	Monachinae Koretsky and Barnes p. 549
2008	Monachinae Koretsky and Ray p. 90
2008	Mesotaria Koretsky and Ray p. 99
2008	Paleophoca nystii Uhen et al. p. 577
2009	Monachinae Berta p. 863
2010	Monachinae Fulton and Strobeck p. 817 figs. Figure 1
2010	Pristiphoca Fulton and Strobeck p. 817 figs. Figure 1
2011	Monachinae Bianucci et al. p. 576
2013	Monachinae Amson and Muizon
2014	Monachinae Koretsky and Domning p. 224
2014	Monachinae Koretsky et al. p. 421
2015	Monachinae Berta et al. p. 3
2015	Monotherium wymani Berta et al. p. 3 figs. Table 1
2016	Monachinae Boessenecker and Churchill
2016	Monachinae Valenzuela-Toro et al. p. 4
2017	Monachinae Berta p. 157
2017	Pristiphoca Berta p. 157
2017	Monachinae Rahmat et al. p. 224
2017	Terranectes Rahmat et al. p. 224 figs. gs 4–11; tables 1–5
2017	Terranectes magnus Rahmat et al. p. 228 figs. gs 4–11; tables 1–5
2017	Terranectes parvus Rahmat et al. p. 234 figs. gs 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12; tables 1–5
2018	Monachinae Berta p. 715 figs. Fig. 3C
2018	Monachinae Berta et al. p. 210 figs. Fig. 2
2018	Monachinae Dewaele and Lambert p. 6
2018	Monachinae Dewaele et al. p. 7
2018	Monachinae Govender p. 2
2019	Monachinae Albright et al. p. 179
2019	Monachinae Kienle and Berta

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Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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