| Source Data | |
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| Rank | unranked clade (PBDB) |
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| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Pinnipedia |
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Classification
(PBDB,GBIF) | |
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| Common Name | pinniped |
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| Opinions (PBDB) | | Name | Rank | Opinion | Evidence | Author |
|---|
| Pinnipedia | family | belongs to Mammalia | stated without evidence | Illiger, 1811 | | Pinnipedia | family | belongs to Pinnata | stated without evidence | Bonaparte, 1850 | | Pinnipedia | suborder | belongs to Carnivora | stated without evidence | Flower, 1883 | | Pinnipedia | unranked clade | belongs to Unguiculata | stated without evidence | Ameghino, 1889 | | Pinnipedia | suborder | belongs to Carnivora | stated without evidence | Flower and Lydekker, 1891 | | Pinnipedia | suborder | belongs to Sarcobora | stated with evidence | Ameghino, 1897 | | Pinnipedia | family | belongs to Mammalia | stated without evidence | Trouessart, 1898 | | Pinnipedia | suborder | belongs to Carnivora | stated with evidence | Gadow, 1898 | | Pinnipedia | suborder | belongs to Ferae | stated without evidence | Hay, 1902 | | Pinnipedia | family | belongs to Mammalia | stated without evidence | Trouessart, 1904 | | Pinnipedia | suborder | belongs to Ferae | stated without evidence | Gregory, 1910 | | Pinnipedia | family | belongs to Mammalia | stated without evidence | Abel, 1919 | | Pinnipedia | unranked clade | belongs to Ferae | stated without evidence | Kellogg, 1922 | | Pinnipedia | suborder | belongs to Carnivora | stated without evidence | Zittel, 1925 | | Pinnipedia | unranked clade | belongs to Pinnipedimorpha | stated without evidence | Berta et al., 1989 | | Pinnipedia | suborder | belongs to Carnivora | stated without evidence | Vidal, 1991 | | Pinnipedia | suborder | belongs to Eutheria | implied | Nowak, 1991 | | Pinnipedia | infraorder | belongs to Carnivora | stated without evidence | Deméré, 1994 | | Pinnipedia | unranked clade | belongs to Pinnipediformes | stated without evidence | Berta, 1994 | | Pinnipedia | unranked clade | belongs to Arctoidea | stated without evidence | Kohno et al., 1995 | | Pinnipedia | superfamily | subjective synonym of Phocoidea | stated without evidence | McKenna and Bell, 1997 | | Pinnipedia | unranked clade | belongs to Ursida | stated without evidence | Rice, 1998 | | Pinnipedia | suborder | belongs to Carnivora | stated without evidence | Ginsburg and Janvier, 1999 | | Pinnipedia | unranked clade | belongs to Pinnipediformes | stated without evidence | Berta, 2002 | | Pinnipedia | unranked clade | belongs to Pinnipediformes | stated with evidence | Deméré et al., 2003 | | Pinnipedia | suborder | belongs to Carnivora | stated without evidence | Adam, 2004 | | Pinnipedia | unranked clade | belongs to Pinnipedimorpha | stated without evidence | Berta et al., 2006 | | Pinnipedia | unranked clade | belongs to Carnivora | stated without evidence | Kohno and Ray, 2008 | | Pinnipedia | unranked clade | belongs to Pinnipediformes | stated with evidence | Berta, 2009 | | Pinnipedia | unranked clade | belongs to Pinnipedimorpha | stated with evidence | Fulton and Strobeck, 2010 | | Pinnipedia | suborder | belongs to Carnivora | stated without evidence | Boessenecker and Churchill, 2016 | | Pinnipedia | unranked clade | belongs to Pinnipedimorpha | stated with evidence | Valenzuela-Toro et al., 2016 | | Pinnipedia | unranked clade | belongs to Pinnipedimorpha | stated without evidence | Berta, 2017 |
|
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| Status (PBDB) | extant |
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| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 293 |
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| Extant Size (PBDB) | 132 (45%) |
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| First Recorded Appearance | 33.9 - 28.1 Ma
Oligocene |
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| Environment | marine (based on Pinnipedia) |
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| Motility | actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes) |
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| Diet | carnivore (based on Pinnipedimorpha) |
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| Reproduction | viviparous (based on Pinnipedimorpha) |
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| Ontogeny | modification of parts (based on Pinnipedimorpha) |
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| Taphonomy | hydroxylapatite (based on Pinnipedimorpha) |
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| Primary Reference (PBDB) | C. Illiger. 1811. Prodromus Systematis Mammalium et Avium |
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| Illiger C. , Prodromus Systematis Mammalium et Avium |
| Bonaparte C.-L. , Conspectus Systematis Mastozoologiae. Editio Altera Reformata [Survey of the system of mammals. Second revised edition]. E. J. Brill, Leyden, 1 |
| Leidy J. The extinct mammalian fauna of Dakota and Nebraska, including an account of some allied forms from other localities, together with a synopsis of the mammalian remains of North America, Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 2, 1-472 |
| Allen J. A. History of North American Pinnipeds, US Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Miscellaneous Publications 12, 1-785 |
| Flower W. H. On the arrangement of the Orders and Families of existing Mammalia, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, 178-186 |
| Ameghino F. Contribución al conocimiento de los mamíferos fósiles de la República Argentina [Contribution to the knowledge of the fossil mammals of the Argentine Republic], Actas de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de la República Argentina en Córdoba 6, xxxii-1027 |
| Cope E. D. Synopsis of the families of Vertebrata, The American Naturalist 23, 1-29 |
| Ameghino F. Mammiféres crétacés de l’Argentine (Deuxième contribution à la connaissance de la fauna mammalogique de couches à Pyrotherium) [Cretaceous mammals of Argentina (second contribution to the knowledge of the mammalian fauna of the Pyrotherium Beds)], Boletin Instituto Geografico Argentino 18 4–9, 406-521 |
| Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82 |
| Trouessart E. L. , Catalogus mammalium tam viventium quam fossilum 5, 665-1264 |
| Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868 |
| Trouessart E. L. (1904) , Catalogus Mammalium Tam Viventium Quam Fossilium, Fourth Edition, 1-929 |
| Gregory W. K. (1910) The orders of mammals, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 27, 1-524 |
| Abel O. (1919) Die Stämme der Wirbeltiere, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, Leipzig, 914 p. |
| Kellogg R. (1922) Pinnipeds from Miocene and Pleistocene deposits of California, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 13 4, 23-132 |
| Kellogg R. (1923) Description of two squalodonts recently discovered in the Calvert Cliffs, Maryland; and notes on the shark-toothed cetaceans, Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum 62 16, 1-69 |
| Hay O. P. (1930) Second Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America, Carnegie Institution of Washington 390 II, 1-1074 |
| Ginsburg L., Janvier P. (1971) Les mamiferes marins des faluns miocenes de la Touraine et de l'Anjou, Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sciences de la Terre 6 22, 161-195 |
| Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442 |
| Tomida Y. (1989) A new walrus (Carnivora, Odobenidae) from the middle Pleistocene of the Boso Peninsula, Japan, and its implication on odobenid paleobiology, Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Series C (Geology & Paleontology) 15 3, 109-119 |
| Nowak R. M. (1991) Walker's Mammals of the World, Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II |
| Vidal O. (1991) Catalog of osteological collections of aquatic mammals from Mexico, NOAA Technical Reports NMFS 97, 1-36 |
| Berta A. (1994) New specimens of the pinnipediform Pteronarctos from the Miocene of Oregon, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 78, 1-30 |
| Kohno N., Tomida Y., et al (1995) Pliocene tusked odobenids (Mammalia: Carnivora) in the Western North Pacific, and their paleobiogeography, Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo Series C (Geology & Paleontology) 21 3, 4, 111-131 |
| Kohno N. (1996) Miocene pinniped Allodesmus (Mammalia: Carnivora); with special reference to the "Mito seal" from Ibaraki Prefecture, Central Japan, Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Series 181, 388-404 |
| Rice D. W. (1998) Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution, The Society for Marine Mammalogy Special Publication 4, 1-231 |
| Ginsburg L., Janvier P. (1999) Les phoques (Phocidae, Pinnipedia, Carnivora, Mammalia) des faluns Miocenes de L'Anjou, Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences naturelles de l'Ouest de la France, Nouvelle serie 21 4, 169-178 |
| Deméré T. A., Berta A., et al (2003) Pinnipedimorph evolutionary biogeography, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279, 32-76 |
| Adam P. J. (2004) Monachus tropicalis, Mammalian Species 747, 1-9 |
| Kohno N., Ray C. E. (2008) Pliocene walruses from the Yorktown Formation of Virginia and North Carolina, and a systematic revision of the North Atlantic Pliocene walruses, Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 14, 39-80 |
| Berta A. (2009) Pinniped Evolution, Encyclopedia of Marine Mammal Evolution, 861-868 |
| Fulton T. L., Strobeck C. (2010) Multiple fossil calibrations, nuclear loci and mitochondrial genomes provide new insight into biogeography and divergence timing for true seals (Phocidae, Pinnipedia), Journal of Biogeography 37, 814-829 |
| Boessenecker R. W., Churchill M. (2016) The origin of elephant seals: implications of a fragmentary late Pliocene seal (Phocidae: Miroungini) from New Zealand, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics doi:10.1080/00288306.2016.1199437 |
| Valenzuela-Toro A., Pyenson N. D., et al (2016) A new dwarf seal from the Late Neogene of South America and the evolution of pinnipeds in the southern hemisphere, Papers in Palaeontology 2 1, 101-115 doi:10.1002/spp2.1033 |
| Berta A. (2017) , The Rise of Marine Mammals: 50 Million Years of Evolution, 1-198 |
Pinnipedia
Phocidae
