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Actinopterygii

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	265718	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=265718

Rank

unranked clade (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Actinopterygii

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Actinopterygii	(Cope 1887)

Common Name

ray-finned fish

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Actinopterygii	subclass	belongs to Osteichthyes	stated without evidence	Casier, 1966
Actinopterygii	subclass	belongs to Teleostomi	stated without evidence	Miles, 1977
Actinopterygii	subclass	belongs to Osteichthyes	stated without evidence	Domning and Clark, 1993
Actinopterygii	unranked clade	belongs to Pisces	stated with evidence	Delsate, 1997
Actinopterygii	unranked clade	belongs to Osteichthyes	stated with evidence	Cartanyá, 1999
Actinopterygii	subclass	belongs to Osteichthyes	stated without evidence	Carnevale, 2007
Actinopterygii	subclass	objective synonym of Actinopterygii	stated without evidence	Friedman, 2012
Actinopterygii	subclass	belongs to Osteichthyes	stated without evidence	Denton, 2013

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

37 (44%)

First Recorded Appearance

388 - 383 Ma
Devonian

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

A. Meyer and R. Zardoya. 2003. Recent advances in the (molecular) phylogeny of vertebrates. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34:311-338

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Berycomorphi ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Heteromi order	listed (PBDB)	2	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Percomorphi order	listed (PBDB)	1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Plectognathi order	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Scleroparei order	listed (PBDB)	1	28.1 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Howqualepididae ✝ family	listed (PBDB)	4	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Scopelidae ✝ family	listed (PBDB)	1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Turseoidae ✝ family	listed (PBDB)	18	252 Ma Permian	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Pacorichthys ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	242 Ma Middle Triassic	242 Ma Middle Triassic
Raynerius ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	384 Ma Middle Devonian	384 Ma Middle Devonian
Sphaerolepis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	3	290 Ma Permian	290 Ma Permian
Teffichthys ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	21	252 Ma Permian	216 Ma Late/Upper Triassic

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1839	Lepidotus trotti Balsamo-Crivelli p. 427
1857	Pholidophorus lepturus Bellotti
1857	Semionotus dubius Bellotti
1857	Lepidotus pectoralis Bellotti p. 420
1857	Semionotus brevis Bellotti p. 422
1857	Pholidophorus rueppelli Bellotti p. 428
1876	Semionotus inornatus Henry p. 417 figs. Pl 2, fig 23
1885	Semionotus mendozaensis Geinitz
1887	Actinopterygii Cope
1890	Palaeoniscoidae Rohon
1895	Ophiopsis lepturus Woodward p. 172
1895	Heterolepidotus pectoralis Woodward p. 312
1895	Allolepidotus rueppelli Woodward p. 315
1898	Actinopterygii Gadow p. 7
1902	Actinopterygii Woodward p. 3
1906	Actinopterygii Andrews p. 313
1908	Actinopterygii Lambe
1910	Ophiopsis lepturus de Alessandri p. 87 figs. Pl 3, fig 4
1910	Ophiopsis lariensis de Alessandri p. 89 figs. Pl 3, figs 5,6
1910	Eugnathus trottii de Alessandri p. 97 figs. Pl 5, fig 3
1910	Heterolepidotus pectoralis de Alessandri p. 100 figs. Pl 5, fig 4; pl 6, fig 1; pl 7, fig 1
1910	Heterolepidotus brevis de Alessandri p. 107 figs. Pl 7, fig 2
1910	Allolepidotus rueppelli de Alessandri p. 118 figs. Pl 8, figs 3,4
1910	Eugnathus trottii de Allessandri p. 97 figs. Pl 5, fig 3
1916	Actinopterygii Woodward p. 23
1944	Gyrolepidoides cuyanus Cabrera
1946	Palaeoniscoidea Dunkle p. 402
1946	Cenechoia paramillensis Rusconi
1946	Eurynotus uspallatensis Rusconi
1946	Pholidophorus dentatus Rusconi
1946	Semionotus unicristatus Rusconi
1947	Cenechoia sulcata Rusconi
1947	Pholidophorus vallejensis Rusconi
1948	Gyrolepidoides multistriatus Rusconi

Year	Name and Author
1950	Semionotus vallejensis Rusconi
1952	Neochallaia leonensis Rusconi
1960	Palaeoniscoidea Gardiner p. 241
1966	Actinopterygii Casier p. 103
1973	Actinopterygii Daly p. 564
1977	Actinopterygii Miles
1978	Actinopterygii Schaeffer and Dalquest p. 8
1981	Actinopterygii Thurmond and Jones p. 80
1987	Actinopterygii Kumar and Loyal p. 68
1988	Actinopterygii Case and Schwimmer p. 297
1991	Actinopterygii Ahlberg p. 280
1993	Actinopterygii Cvancara and Hoganson p. 13
1993	Actinopterygii Domning and Clark p. 413
1995	Ophiopsis lepturus Bürgin p. 818 figs. 12-14
1995	Palaeoniscimorpha Lund et al. pp. 215-220
1997	Actinopterygii Delsate p. 129
1999	Actinopterygii Cartanyá p. 540
1999	Actinopterygii Weems p. 32
2001	Furo trottii Lombardo p. 355 figs. 7-9; pl 2A
2002	Palaeoniscimorpha Poplin and Lund
2003	Actinopterygii Delsate p. 17
2003	Actinopterygii Meyer and Zardoya
2004	Palaeoniscimorpha Prokofiev
2006	Actinopterygii Grande and Hilton p. 5
2007	Actinopterygii Carnevale p. 8
2008	Actinopterygii Long et al.
2009	Palaeonisci Minikh and Minikh p. 144
2009	Actinopterygii Zalohar et al. p. 80
2010	Actinopterygii Poyato-Ariza p. 651
2011	Actinopterygii Long p. 242
2013	Actinopterygii Betancur-R. et al.
2013	Actinopterygii Denton p. 786
2014	Actinopterygii Fourriére et al. p. 380
2018	Actinopterygii Carnevale and Godfrey p. 163

References

Meyer A., Zardoya R. (2003) Recent advances in the (molecular) phylogeny of vertebrates, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34, 311-338

Balsamo-Crivelli G. Descrizione d'un nuovo rettile fossile della famiglia dei Paleosauri, e di due pesci fossili trovati nel calcareo nero, sopra Varenna sul lago di Como, dal nobile sig. Lodovico Trotti, con alcune riflessioni geologiche, Il Politecnico 1, 421-431

Henry M. J. L'Infralias dans la Franche-Comté [The Lower Lias of Franche-Comté], Mémoires de la Société d'Émulation du Doubs, 4e série 10, 287-486

Woodward A. S. , Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History), Part III, 1-544

Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82

Woodward A. S. (1902) The fishes of the English chalk, Palaeontographical Society 56, 1-56

Andrews C. W. (1906) , A Descriptive Catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of Fayum, Egypt, 1-324

Lambe L. M. (1908) The Vertebrata of the Oligocene of the Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan, Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3 4, 1-65 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.61444

de Alessandri G. (1910) Studii sui pesci Triasici della Lombardia, Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 7 1, 1-145

Woodward A. S. (1916) The fossil fishes of the English Wealden and Purbeck Formations, Palaeontographical Society, London 1915, 1-48

Dunkle D. H. (1946) A new palaeoniscoid fish from the Lower Permian of Texas, Journal of the Washington Academy of Science 36, 402-409

Gardiner B. G. (1960) A revision of certain actinopterygian and coelacanth fishes, chiefly from the Lower Lias, Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology 4 7, 241-384

Casier E. (1966) , Faune ichthyologique du London Clay, 1-510

Daly E. (1973) A Lower Permian vertebrate fauna from southern Oklahoma, Journal of Paleontology 47 3, 562-589

Miles R. S. (1977) Dipnoan (lungfish) skulls and the relationships of the group: a study based on new species from the Devonian of Australia, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 61, 1-328

Schaeffer B., Dalquest W. W. (1978) A palaeonisciform braincase from the Permian of Texas, with comments on cranial fissures and the posterior myodome, American Museum Novitates 2658, 1-15

Thurmond J. T., Jones D. E. (1981) , Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama, 1-244

Kumar K., Loyal R. S. (1987) Eocene ichthyofauna from the Subathu Formation, Northwestern Himalaya, India., Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 32, 60-84

Case G. R., Schwimmer D. R. (1988) Late Cretaceous Fish from the Blufftown Formation (Campanian) in Western Georgia, Journal of Paleontology 62 2, 290-301

Ahlberg P. E. (1991) A re-examination of sarcopterygian interrelationships, with special reference to the Porolepiformes, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 103 3, 241-287 doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00905.x

Cvancara A. M., Hoganson J. W. (1993) Vertebrates of the Cannonball Formation (Paleocene) in North and South Dakota, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13 1, 1-23

Domning D. P., Clark J. M. (1993) Jamaican Tertiary marine Vertebratra, Geological Society of America Memoir 182, 413-415

Bürgin T. (1995) Actinopterygian fishes (Osteichthyes; Actinopterygii) from the Kalkschieferzone (uppermost Ladinian) near Meride (Canton Ticino, southern Switzerland), Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 88 3, 803-826

Delsate D. (1997) Actinoptérygiens du Toarcien inférieur du Grand Duché de Luxembourg: Présence de Leptoplepis normandica Nybelin 1962 (Téléostéen) ave otolithes in situ, Travaux scientifiques du Musée d’Histoire Naturelle de Luxembourg 27, 125-129

Cartanyá J. (1999) An overview of the Middle Triassic actinopterygians from Alcover, Mont-ral and El Pinetell (Catalonia, Spain), Mesozoic Fishes 2 - Systematics and the Fossil Record 2, 535-551

Weems R. E. (1999) Part 4. Actinopterygian Fishes from the Fisher/Sullivan Site, Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 152, 53-100

Lombardo C. (2001) Actinopterygians from the Middle Triassic of Northern Italy and Canton Ticino (Switzerland): Anatomical Descriptions and Nomenclatural Problems, Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 107 3, 345-369

Poplin C. M., Lund R. (2002) Two Carboniferous fine-eyed palaeoniscoids (Pisces, Actinopterygii) from Bear Gluch (USA), Journal of Paleontology 76 6, 1014-1028

Delsate D. (2003) Une nouvelle faune des poissons et requins Toarciens du sud du Luxembourg (Dudelange) et de L'Allemange (Schömberg), Bulletin de l'Académie Lorrain des Sciences 42, 13-49

Prokofiev A. M. (2004) A remarkable new paleoniscoid fish (Osteichthyes: Actinopterygii) from the Lower Carboniferous of Tuva Republic (Russia), Paleontological Research 8 2, 109-114

Grande L., Hilton E. J. (2006) An exquisitely preserved skeleton representing a primitive sturgeon from the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation of Montana (Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae: n. gen. and sp.), The Paleontological Society Memoir 65, Journal of Paleontology 80 4, suppl., 1-39

Carnevale G. (2007) Fossil fishes from the Serravallian (Middle Miocene) of Torricella Peligna, Italy, Palaeontographia Italica 91, 1-67

Long J. A., Choo B., et al (2008) A new basal actinopterygian fish from the Middle Devonian Aztec\r\nSiltstone of Antarctica, Antarctic Science 20 4, 393-412 doi:10.1017/S0954102008001144

Minikh A. V., Minikh M. G. (2009) Main events in development of the Middle-Upper Permian ichthyofauna of Eastern Europe, Researches on paleontology and biostratigraphy of ancient continental deposits (Memories of Professor Vitalii G. Ochev), 141-157

Zalohar J., Hitij T., et al (2009) Two new species of seahorses (Syngnathidae, Hippocampus) from the Middle Miocene (Sarmatian) Coprolitic Horizon in Tunjice Hills, Slovenia: the oldest fossil record of seahorses, Annales de Paleontologie 95, 71-96

Poyato-Ariza F. (2010) Polazzodus, gen. nov., A New Pycnodont Fish from the Late Cretaceous of Northeastern Italy, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 3, 650-664 doi:10.1080/02724631003762955

Long J. A. (2011) , The Rise of Fishes: 500 Million Years of Evolution (Second Edition), 1-287

Betancur-R. R., Broughton R. E., et al (2013) The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes, PLOS Currents Tree of Life doi:10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288

Denton J. S. (2013) Lanternfish (Teleostei, Myctophiformes, Myctophidae) body fossils from the Modelo Formation (Upper Miocene) of Los Angeles County, California, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 4, 786-793 doi:10.1080/039.033.0415

Fourriére M., Reyes-Bonilla H., et al (2014) Fishes of Clipperton Atoll, Eastern Pacific: Checklist, Endemism, and Analysis of Completeness of the Inventory, Pacific Science 68 3, 375-395 doi:10.2984/68.3.7

Carnevale G., Godfrey S. J. (2018) Miocene Bony Fishes of the Calvert, Choptank, St. Marys, and Eastover Formations, Chesapeake Group, Maryland and Virginia, Smithsonian Contribution to Paleobiology, 161-212

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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