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Charlesite

A valid IMA mineral species
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09931080014976479383693.jpg
Charlesite

Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA
07853130014949310741866.png
Charlesite

Fuka mine, Fuka, Bitchū, Takahashi City, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
07805220014977294405566.jpg
Charlesite, etc.

Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA
02531030014947597019142.jpg
Charlesite

Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA
02754820014964610633652.png
Charlesite

Fuka mine, Fuka, Bitchū, Takahashi City, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
09829700015019291411172.jpg
Charlesite, etc.

Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA
05966860014947863173892.jpg
Charlesite

Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA
07567010015912778911916.png
Charlesite

Fuka mine, Fuka, Bitchū, Takahashi City, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
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About CharlesiteHide

02539600014947863244870.jpg
Dr Charles Palache
Formula:
Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O
Colour:
Colorless, white
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Waxy, Dull
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
1.77
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Named in 1983 by Pete J. Dunn, Donald R. Peacor, Peter B. Leavens, and Jack Leach Baum in honor of Dr. Charles Palache, [July 18, 1869 San Franciso, California, USA - December 5, 1954 near Charlottesville, Virginia, USA], systematic mineralogist, specialist on minerals of the Franklin District, Professor of Mineralogy at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
.
Data are lacking to prove the existence of charlesite from South Africa.
Isostructural with:
Ettringite Group
Ettringite Group. Crystals are tabular [0001] with {1014}. Data are lacking to prove the existence of charlesite in South Africa.

Possible carbonate-dominang analogue is UM2008-07-CO:AlBCaHSSi (however, compare imayoshiite).


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
971
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:971:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
78501177-b7da-4c9c-8298-94b6c7987a07

IMA Classification of CharlesiteHide

IMA status:
Approved
IMA Formula:
Ca6Al2(SO4)2B(OH)4(OH,O)12 · 26H2O
Approval year:
1981

Classification of CharlesiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):
7.DG.15

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
G : With large and medium-sized cations; with NO3, CO3, B(OH)4, SiO4 or IO3
Dana 8th ed.:
32.4.4.1

32 : COMPOUND SULFATES
4 : Hydrated Compound Sulfates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
Hey's CIM Ref.:
10.3.3

10 : Borates with other anions
3 : Borates with sulphate

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
ChrlIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Pronunciation of CharlesiteHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of CharlesiteHide

Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Waxy, Dull
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colorless, white
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
1010
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
1.77 g/cm3 (Measured)    1.79 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of CharlesiteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.492(3) nε = 1.475(3)
Birefringence:
0.017
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.017
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Optical Extinction:
parallel
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic

Chemistry of CharlesiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O
Elements listed:
Al, B, Ca, H, O, S, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of CharlesiteHide

Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m - Ditrigonal Pyramidal
Space Group:
P3 1c
Setting:
P3 1c
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.161(1) Å, c = 21.212(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.901
Unit Cell V:
2,288.33 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Tabular crystals with a trigonal trigonal termination
Comment:
Probable class, space group by analogy to ettringite.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
9.70 Å(100)
5.58 Å(80)
4.936 Å(20)
4.654 Å(40)
3.855 Å(80)
3.573 Å(30)
3.444 Å(40)
3.230 Å(10)
2.996 Å(10)
2.749 Å(70)
2.666 Å(20)
2.598 Å(20)
2.538 Å(70)
2.470 Å(1)
2.391 Å(5)
2.325 Å(2)
2.193 Å(70)
2.133 Å(50)
2.044 Å(5)
1.991 Å(1)
1.956 Å(1)
1.926 Å(20)
1.884 Å(1)
1.837 Å(10)
1.787 Å(5)
1.749 Å(20)
1.693 Å(10)
1.663 Å(5)
1.606 Å(20)
1.563 Å(30)
1.500 Å(20)
1.480 Å(2)
1.448 Å(5)
1.380 Å(1)
1.327 Å(2)
1.295 Å(5)
1.269 Å(2)
1.252 Å(2)
1.241 Å(2)
1.215 Å(1)
1.205 Å(1)
1.184 Å(1)
1.166 Å(5)
1.125 Å(5)
1.096 Å(5)
Comments:
ICDD 35-606. natural material

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere>4.45
13 : Hadean serpentinization
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits

Type Occurrence of CharlesiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA
General Appearance of Type Material:
Vug and fracture coating.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, number 148689 and C06247, C06401.
Harvard Mineralogical Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, #107733.
John Baum private collection.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Metamorphosed stratiform cabonate hosted zinc silicate and oxide deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
WillemiteRoeblingitePrehnitePennantitePectolite
GanophylliteDatoliteClinohedrite

Synonyms of CharlesiteHide

Other Language Names for CharlesiteHide

German:Charlesit
Spanish:Charlesita

Relationship of Charlesite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Ettringite Group
Other Members of this group:
BentoriteCa6Cr2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
BuryatiteCa3(Si,Fe3+,Al)(SO4)B(OH)4(OH,O)6 · 12H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
CarraraiteCa3(SO4)[Ge(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2OHex.
ChiyokoiteCa3Si(CO3)[B(OH)4]O (OH)5 · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
EttringiteCa6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
HielscheriteCa3Si(SO4)(SO3)(OH)6 · 11H2OHex. 6 : P63
ImayoshiiteCa3Al(CO3)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
JouravskiteCa3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
KottenheimiteCa 3Si(SO4)2(OH)6 · 12H2O Hex. 6/m : P63/m
Micheelsenite(Ca2Y)Al(PO3OH)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
SiwaqaiteCa6Al2(CrO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
SturmaniteCa6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
TatarinoviteCa3Al(SO4)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
ThaumasiteCa3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
UM2008-07-CO:AlBCaHSSiCa6(Al,Si)2(CO3,SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O
Unnamed (possible Mn(IV) analogue of Sturmanite)Ca6Mn4+2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH)10O2 · nH2O

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
34 photos of Charlesite associated with ClinohedriteCaZn(SiO4) · H2O
16 photos of Charlesite associated with PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
16 photos of Charlesite associated with Hancockite(CaPb)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
10 photos of Charlesite associated with EttringiteCa6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O
9 photos of Charlesite associated with HendricksiteKZn3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2
8 photos of Charlesite associated with Ganophyllite(K,Na,Ca)2Mn8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)32 · 8H2O
7 photos of Charlesite associated with SturmaniteCa6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O
6 photos of Charlesite associated with RoeblingitePb2Ca6Mn2+(Si3O9)2(SO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
5 photos of Charlesite associated with PennantiteMn2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
4 photos of Charlesite associated with WillemiteZn2SiO4

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

7.DG.MathesiusiteK5(UO2)4(SO4)4(VO5) · 4H2OTet. 4/m : P4/n
7.DG.05DarapskiteNa3(SO4)(NO3) · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
7.DG.10Clinoungemachite(Na, K, Fe, SO4)Mon. 2/m
7.DG.10HumberstoniteNa7K3Mg2(SO4)6(NO3)2 · 6H2OTrig. 3 : R3
7.DG.10UngemachiteK3Na8Fe(SO4)6(NO3)2 · 6H2OTrig. 3 : R3
7.DG.15BentoriteCa6Cr2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
7.DG.15EttringiteCa6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
7.DG.15JouravskiteCa3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
7.DG.15SturmaniteCa6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
7.DG.15ThaumasiteCa3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
7.DG.15CarraraiteCa3(SO4)[Ge(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2OHex.
7.DG.15BuryatiteCa3(Si,Fe3+,Al)(SO4)B(OH)4(OH,O)6 · 12H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
7.DG.15BiruniteCa18(SiO3)8.5(CO3)8.5SO4 · 15H2O(?)
7.DG.15HielscheriteCa3Si(SO4)(SO3)(OH)6 · 11H2OHex. 6 : P63
7.DG.15KottenheimiteCa 3Si(SO4)2(OH)6 · 12H2O Hex. 6/m : P63/m
7.DG.15ImayoshiiteCa3Al(CO3)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
7.DG.15TatarinoviteCa3Al(SO4)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
7.DG.15SiwaqaiteCa6Al2(CrO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
7.DG.15ChiyokoiteCa3Si(CO3)[B(OH)4]O (OH)5 · 12H2OHex. 6 : P63
7.DG.20RapidcreekiteCa2(SO4)(CO3) · 4H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
7.DG.25TatarskiteCa6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4 · 7H2OOrth.
7.DG.30NakauriiteCu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6 · 48H2OOrth.
7.DG.35Chessexite(Na,K)4Ca2(Mg,Zn)3Al8(SO4)10(SiO4)2 · 40H2OOrth.
7.DG.40CarlosruiziteK6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10(SeO4)12(IO3)12 · 12H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3c1
7.DG.40FuenzalidaiteK6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10(SO4)12(IO3)12 · 12H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3c1
7.DG.45Chelyabinskite(Ca,Mg)3(SO4,CO3)2[Si(OH)6] · 9H2O (?)Orth.
7.DG.55Ramazzoite[Mg8Cu12(PO4)(CO3)4(OH)24(H2O)20][(H0.33SO4)3(H2O)36]Iso. 4 3m : P4 3m
7.DG.60WitzkeiteNa4K4Ca(NO3)2(SO4)4 · 2H2O Mon. 2/m : B2/b

Fluorescence of CharlesiteHide

In UV light:
Pale violet to pale green in SW
weaker in LW

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for CharlesiteHide

References for CharlesiteHide

Localities for CharlesiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Germany
 
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Mayen-Koblenz
      • Vordereifel
        • Ettringen
Schäfer (2016)
Japan
 
  • Okayama Prefecture
    • Takahashi City
      • Bitchū
        • Fuka
Tanimoto et al (2001) +1 other reference
Norway
 
  • Trøndelag
    • Orkland
      • Meldal
        • Grutsæter
Jørgensen et al. (2001)
Romania
 
  • Brașov County
Szakáll
Szakáll et al. (2010)
Slovakia
 
  • Prešov Region
    • Vranov nad Topľou District
      • Vechec
Ďuďa
South Africa
 
  • Northern Cape
    • John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality
      • Joe Morolong Local Municipality
        • N'Chwaning Mines
Cairncross et al. (1995)
Cairncross et al. (1995)
Gutzmer (1996)
USA (TL)
 
  • New Jersey
    • Sussex County
      • Franklin
Dunn et al. (1983) +1 other reference
FOMS Millsite Committee (1986)
Richard Gunter
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