Sb-Au deposit.

Epithermal mineralization (Carlin type ?), with "invisible gold" (10 micron grains), associated with hydrothermally alteration (argillitic acid and alunitic acid) of host rocks : "Calcare Cavernoso" (Falda Toscana) and Verrucano (Monticiano-Roccastrada unit).

The limestones are partially dissolved (cavernous), silicified and argillitized.

The fluids at the origin of the mineralization are meteoritic hydrothermal fluids, of low salinity and low pH, in convective regime caused by the heat flux from the Larderello geothermal area (intrusive granite pluton / 4 Ma age).
Silica has been leached from deeper rock formations.

Gold and chromium enrichment is due to ophiolitic complex influence.

Source: Dr. GIOVANNI MONTINI, "Mineralizzazioni epitermali a oro nell'area di Frassine (GR)", Unpublished Paper, Firenze University).

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.

ⓘ Antimony

ⓘ Gold

Mineral List

14 valid minerals.

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Alunite

Formula: KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆

References:

Dr. GIOVANNI MONTINI, "Mineralizzazioni epitermali a oro nell'area di Frassine (GR)", Unpublished Paper, Firenze University.

ⓘ Baryte

Formula: BaSO₄

References:

Dr. GIOVANNI MONTINI, "Mineralizzazioni epitermali a oro nell'area di Frassine (GR)", Unpublished Paper, Firenze University.

ⓘ Bismuthinite

Formula: Bi₂S₃

References:

Dr. GIOVANNI MONTINI, "Mineralizzazioni epitermali a oro nell'area di Frassine (GR)", Unpublished Paper, Firenze University.

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

References:

Dr. GIOVANNI MONTINI, "Mineralizzazioni epitermali a oro nell'area di Frassine (GR)", Unpublished Paper, Firenze University.

ⓘ Goethite

Formula: α-Fe³⁺O(OH)

References:

Dr. GIOVANNI MONTINI, "Mineralizzazioni epitermali a oro nell'area di Frassine (GR)", Unpublished Paper, Firenze University.

ⓘ Gold

Formula: Au

References:

Ruggieri G., 1993. Ore genesis in epithermal enviroment: the examples of Furtei (Sardinia), Frassine and La Campigliola (Southern Tuscany) gold mineralization. Plinius, 9: 134-139.

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

References:

Dr. GIOVANNI MONTINI, "Mineralizzazioni epitermali a oro nell'area di Frassine (GR)", Unpublished Paper, Firenze University.

ⓘ 'Jasper'

References:

Dr. GIOVANNI MONTINI, "Mineralizzazioni epitermali a oro nell'area di Frassine (GR)", Unpublished Paper, Firenze University.

ⓘ Kaolinite

Formula: Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

References:

Dr. GIOVANNI MONTINI, "Mineralizzazioni epitermali a oro nell'area di Frassine (GR)", Unpublished Paper, Firenze University.

ⓘ Lepidocrocite

Formula: γ-Fe³⁺O(OH)

References:

Dr. GIOVANNI MONTINI, "Mineralizzazioni epitermali a oro nell'area di Frassine (GR)", Unpublished Paper, Firenze University.

ⓘ Montmorillonite

Formula: (Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O

References:

Dr. GIOVANNI MONTINI, "Mineralizzazioni epitermali a oro nell'area di Frassine (GR)", Unpublished Paper, Firenze University.

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Dr. GIOVANNI MONTINI, "Mineralizzazioni epitermali a oro nell'area di Frassine (GR)", Unpublished Paper, Firenze University.

ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite

Formula: K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂

References:

Dr. GIOVANNI MONTINI, "Mineralizzazioni epitermali a oro nell'area di Frassine (GR)", Unpublished Paper, Firenze University.

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

Dr. GIOVANNI MONTINI, "Mineralizzazioni epitermali a oro nell'area di Frassine (GR)", Unpublished Paper, Firenze University.

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Dr. GIOVANNI MONTINI, "Mineralizzazioni epitermali a oro nell'area di Frassine (GR)", Unpublished Paper, Firenze University.

ⓘ 'Stibiconite'

Formula: Sb³⁺Sb⁵⁺₂O₆(OH)

References:

Collection of NHM, Vienna

ⓘ Stibnite

Formula: Sb₂S₃

References:

Dr. GIOVANNI MONTINI, "Mineralizzazioni epitermali a oro nell'area di Frassine (GR)", Unpublished Paper, Firenze University.

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'

Formula: Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S

References:

Dr. GIOVANNI MONTINI, "Mineralizzazioni epitermali a oro nell'area di Frassine (GR)", Unpublished Paper, Firenze University.

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Gold	1.AA.05	Au
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Bismuthinite	2.DB.05	Bi₂S₃
ⓘ	Stibnite	2.DB.05	Sb₂S₃
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'	2.GB.05	Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Goethite	4.00.	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	'Stibiconite'	4.DH.20	Sb³⁺Sb⁵⁺₂O₆(OH)
ⓘ	Lepidocrocite	4.FE.15	γ-Fe³⁺O(OH)
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Baryte	7.AD.35	BaSO₄
ⓘ	Alunite	7.BC.10	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Muscovite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	var. Illite	9.EC.15	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
ⓘ	Montmorillonite	9.EC.40	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Kaolinite	9.ED.05	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Jasper'	-

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Goethite	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
H	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Lepidocrocite	γ-Fe³⁺O(OH)
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Stibiconite	Sb³⁺Sb₂⁵⁺O₆(OH)
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Goethite	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
O	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Lepidocrocite	γ-Fe³⁺O(OH)
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Stibiconite	Sb³⁺Sb₂⁵⁺O₆(OH)
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
S	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
S	ⓘ Bismuthinite	Bi₂S₃
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Stibnite	Sb₂S₃
S	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Goethite	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Lepidocrocite	γ-Fe³⁺O(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Sb	Antimony
Sb	ⓘ Stibiconite	Sb³⁺Sb₂⁵⁺O₆(OH)
Sb	ⓘ Stibnite	Sb₂S₃
Sb	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Ba	Barium
Ba	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
Au	Gold
Au	ⓘ Gold	Au
Bi	Bismuth
Bi	ⓘ Bismuthinite	Bi₂S₃

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

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References

Braga R., 1977. Il giacimento antimonifero di Frassine. Notiz. Mineral. Paleont. Riccione, 11: 30-37

Tanelli G., Lattanzi P., Ruggieri G., Corsini F., 1991. Metallogeny of gold in Tuscany. Proc. Symp. Gold 91, Brazil: 403-409.

Ruggieri G., 1993. Ore genesis in epithermal enviroment: the examples of Furtei (Sardinia), Frassine and La Campigliola (Southern Tuscany) gold mineralization. Plinius, 9: 134-139.

Montini G., Lattanzi P., Ruggieri G., Maineri C., Tanelli G., 1995. Il sistema epitermale a Sb-Au di Frassine (Grosseto). Plinius, 14: 238-239.

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Commodity List

Mineral List

Detailed Mineral List:

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

List of minerals for each chemical element

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

References

Frassine, Monterotondo Marittimo, Grosseto Province, Tuscany, Italy i
Regional Level Types
Frassine Deposit
Monterotondo Marittimo Commune
Grosseto Province Province
Tuscany Region
Italy - not defined -