Farmington meteorite, Washington Co., Kansas, USAi
Regional Level Types | |
---|---|
Farmington meteorite | Meteorite Fall Location |
Washington Co. | County |
Kansas | State |
USA | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
39° 45' 0'' North , 97° 1' 59'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Locality type:
Meteorite Class:
Meteoritical Society Class:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
Place | Population | Distance |
---|---|---|
Greenleaf | 312 (2017) | 5.4km |
Washington | 1,085 (2017) | 7.7km |
Linn | 398 (2017) | 8.9km |
Barnes | 154 (2017) | 14.2km |
Morrowville | 150 (2017) | 15.8km |
Ordinary chondrite, black (L5,br)
Fall, 25 June 1890; 89.4 kg, 2 stones
Just after noon a double trail of smoke was seen and detonations were hear over a radius of ~150 km in both Kansas and Nebraska. With a loud burst an 85.3 kg stone soon struck very close to a very frightened farmer working beneath a wagon. The stone created a crater more than a meter deep. A second smaller stone (4 kg), apparently associated with the smaller smoke trail, was recovered later. Underneath a 1 mm thick fusion crust the meteorite contains numerous chondrules, mineral fragments, and prominent veins. The stone is now classified as an ordinary chondrite of the L5 class with 21.22 wt% total iron as well as relatively well-equilibrated olivine (Fa23) and orthopyroxene (Fs21). In addition to the two dominant silicates, minor amounts of albitic plagioclase, troilite, and Fe-Ni metal are present. Accessory chromite and merrillite are also present. However, most intriguing are a number of features which are associated with preterrestrial shock. The meteorite is a 'black' chondrite with much of the matrix darkened by dispersed microscopic grains (metal and, apparently, some magnetite). Small vugs also contain some intriguing shock-mobilized constituents. Chromite has unusual textures as it is found both as found as chromite aggregates and in chromite-plagioclase assemblages. Odd textures within both opaque oxides and silicates have been the focus of much attention. An unusually short cosmic ray exposure age of < 25 ka has also been reported.
Farmington is the fifth most massive of the 80 witnessed falls of L5 meteorites listed by the Meteoritical Bulletin Database (as of early 2016). The L group of ordinary chondrites (ordinary chondrites relatively high in total iron) account for ~40% of all fully classified meteorite falls. About a quarter of the larger stone was broken off and distributed locally before it was was acquired by Henry Ward who distributed it on a national and international scale. By 2000 the largest masses were held at Chicago's Field Museum of Natural History (>20 kg), the National Museum in Budapest (>10 kg), and the American Museum of Natural History in New York (6 kg).
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsMineral List
14 valid minerals.
Meteorite/Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Description: Instances of nearly pure albite within a few vugs. Reference: Olsen, E. (1981) Vugs in ordinary chondrites: Meteoritics 16 (1): 45-59. (Mar., 1981). |
ⓘ Chromite Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4 Description: Chromite found as aggregates and in chromite-plagioclase assemblages. Reference: Buseck, P., Mason, B. & Wiik, H.B. (1966) The Farmington meteorite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 30; Issue 1; Pages 1-8. (Jan 1966).; Buseck, P. & Keil, K. (1966) Meteoritic Rutile: American Mineralogist 51(9&10): 1506-1515. (Sept-Oct 1966).; Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages.; Rubin, A.E. (2003) Chromite-plagioclase assemblages as a new shock indicator: Implications for the shock and thermal and histories of ordinary chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67 (14): 2695-2709. |
ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' Description: Within vugs (rare). Reference: Olsen, E. (1981) Vugs in ordinary chondrites: Meteoritics 16 (1): 45-59. (Mar., 1981). |
ⓘ Copper Formula: Cu Reference: Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages. |
ⓘ Cristobalite Formula: SiO2 Reference: Grady, M.M (2000). Catalogue of Meteorites (5/e). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; New York; Oakleigh; Madrid; Cape Town. 689 pages. ; Binns, R. A. (1967) Farmington meteorite: Cristobalite xenoliths and blackening. Science 156: 1222- 1226. |
ⓘ Diopside Formula: CaMgSi2O6 Reference: Binns, R. A. (1967) Farmington meteorite: Cristobalite xenoliths and blackening. Science 156: 1222- 1226. |
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' Reference: Kunz, G.F. & Weinschenk, E. (1890) Farmington, Washington Co., Kansas Aerolite: American Journal of Science and Arts (3rd Series) 43: 65-67.; Keil, K. & Fredriksson, K. (1964) The Fe, Mg and Ca Distribution in Coexisting Olivines and Rhombic Pyroxenes of Chondrites. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres 69 (16): 3487-3515. (August 1964). ; Buseck, P., Mason, B. & Wiik, H.B. (1966) The Farmington meteorite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 30; Issue 1; Pages 1-8. (Jan 1966).; Dodd, R.T. & Jarosewich, E. (1979) Incipient melting in and shock classification of L-Group chondrites: Earth and Planetary Science Letters 44(2):335-340. (Aug 1979). |
ⓘ Ilmenite Formula: Fe2+TiO3 Reference: Buseck, P., Mason, B. & Wiik, H.B. (1966) The Farmington meteorite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 30; Issue 1; Pages 1-8. (Jan 1966).; Buseck, P. & Keil, K. (1966) Meteoritic Rutile: American Mineralogist 51(9&10): 1506-1515. (Sept-Oct 1966).; Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages. |
ⓘ Iron Formula: Fe Reference: Buseck, P., Mason, B. & Wiik, H.B. (1966) The Farmington meteorite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 30; Issue 1; Pages 1-8. (Jan 1966).; Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages.; Smith, B. A. & Goldstein, J. I. (1977) The metallic microstructures and thermal histories of severely reheated chondrites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 41: 1061-1072. (Aug. 1977). |
ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite Formula: (Fe,Ni) Reference: Buseck, P., Mason, B. & Wiik, H.B. (1966) The Farmington meteorite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 30; Issue 1; Pages 1-8. (Jan 1966).; Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages.; Smith, B. A. & Goldstein, J. I. (1977) The metallic microstructures and thermal histories of severely reheated chondrites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 41: 1061-1072. (Aug. 1977). |
ⓘ Iron var. Martensite Formula: Fe Reference: Smith, B. A. & Goldstein, J. I. (1977) The metallic microstructures and thermal histories of severely reheated chondrites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 41: 1061-1072. (Aug. 1977). |
ⓘ Isocubanite Formula: CuFe2S3 Reference: Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages. |
ⓘ Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 Description: Apparently primary (pre-terrestrial) according to Ramdohr (1973). Reference: Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages. |
ⓘ 'Maskelynite' Description: In some regions most of the plagioclase has been converted into maskelynite. Reference: Dodd, R.T. & Jarosewich, E. (1979) Incipient melting in and shock classification of L-Group chondrites: Earth and Planetary Science Letters 44(2):335-340. (Aug 1979). |
ⓘ Merrillite Formula: Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 Description: Within vugs. Reference: Fuchs, L.H. (1969) The Phosphate Mineralogy of Meteorites: IN: Meteoritic Research: Millman, P.M.-Ed.: pp. 683-695. D. Reidel Publishing Company: Dordrecht-Holland.; Olsen, E. (1981) Vugs in ordinary chondrites: Meteoritics 16 (1): 45-59. (Mar., 1981). |
ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup' Reference: Kunz, G.F. & Weinschenk, E. (1890) Farmington, Washington Co., Kansas Aerolite: American Journal of Science and Arts (3rd Series) 43: 65-67.; Keil, K. & Fredriksson, K. (1964) The Fe, Mg and Ca Distribution in Coexisting Olivines and Rhombic Pyroxenes of Chondrites. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres 69 (16): 3487-3515. (August 1964). ; Buseck, P., Mason, B. & Wiik, H.B. (1966) The Farmington meteorite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 30; Issue 1; Pages 1-8. (Jan 1966). |
ⓘ 'Plagioclase' Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 Description: Apparently oligoclase [anorthite component (An~10) with, presumably, a minor orthoclase (<10 Or) component. Albitic content of Ab~90 are, however, frequently present. Reference: Buseck, P., Mason, B. & Wiik, H.B. (1966) The Farmington meteorite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 30; Issue 1; Pages 1-8. (Jan 1966).; Rubin, A.E. (2003) Chromite-plagioclase assemblages as a new shock indicator: Implications for the shock and thermal and histories of ordinary chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67 (14): 2695-2709.; Olsen, E. (1981) Vugs in ordinary chondrites: Meteoritics 16 (1): 45-59. (Mar., 1981). |
ⓘ Rutile Formula: TiO2 Description: As lamellae in ilmenite. Reference: Buseck, P. & Keil, K. (1966) Meteoritic Rutile: American Mineralogist 51(9&10): 1506-1515. (Sept-Oct 1966).; Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages. |
ⓘ Spinel Formula: MgAl2O4 Reference: Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages. |
ⓘ Taenite Formula: (Fe,Ni) Reference: Buseck, P., Mason, B. & Wiik, H.B. (1966) The Farmington meteorite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 30; Issue 1; Pages 1-8. (Jan 1966).; Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages. |
ⓘ Troilite Formula: FeS Reference: Kunz, G.F. & Weinschenk, E. (1890) Farmington, Washington Co., Kansas Aerolite: American Journal of Science and Arts (3rd Series) 43: 65-67.; Buseck, P., Mason, B. & Wiik, H.B. (1966) The Farmington meteorite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 30; Issue 1; Pages 1-8. (Jan 1966).; Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages.; Smith, B. A. & Goldstein, J. I. (1977) The metallic microstructures and thermal histories of severely reheated chondrites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 41: 1061-1072. (Aug. 1977). |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
Group 1 - Elements | |||
---|---|---|---|
ⓘ | Copper | 1.AA.05 | Cu |
ⓘ | Iron | 1.AE.05 | Fe |
ⓘ | var. Kamacite | 1.AE.05 | (Fe,Ni) |
ⓘ | var. Martensite | 1.AE.05 | Fe |
ⓘ | Taenite | 1.AE.10 | (Fe,Ni) |
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
ⓘ | Isocubanite | 2.CB.55b | CuFe2S3 |
ⓘ | Troilite | 2.CC.10 | FeS |
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
ⓘ | Chromite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
ⓘ | Cristobalite | 4.DA.15 | SiO2 |
ⓘ | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
ⓘ | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
ⓘ | Spinel | 4.BB.05 | MgAl2O4 |
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
ⓘ | Merrillite | 8.AC.45 | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 |
Group 9 - Silicates | |||
ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
ⓘ | Diopside | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
ⓘ | 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Maskelynite' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
List of minerals for each chemical element
O | Oxygen | |
---|---|---|
O | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
O | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
O | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
O | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
O | ⓘ Cristobalite | SiO2 |
O | ⓘ Merrillite | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 |
O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
O | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
Na | Sodium | |
Na | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Na | ⓘ Merrillite | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 |
Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Mg | Magnesium | |
Mg | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
Mg | ⓘ Merrillite | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 |
Mg | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
Al | Aluminium | |
Al | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Al | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Si | Silicon | |
Si | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Si | ⓘ Cristobalite | SiO2 |
Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Si | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
P | Phosphorus | |
P | ⓘ Merrillite | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 |
S | Sulfur | |
S | ⓘ Troilite | FeS |
S | ⓘ Isocubanite | CuFe2S3 |
Ca | Calcium | |
Ca | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Ca | ⓘ Merrillite | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 |
Ca | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
Ti | Titanium | |
Ti | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
Cr | Chromium | |
Cr | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
Fe | Iron | |
Fe | ⓘ Troilite | FeS |
Fe | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
Fe | ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite | (Fe,Ni) |
Fe | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
Fe | ⓘ Taenite | (Fe,Ni) |
Fe | ⓘ Isocubanite | CuFe2S3 |
Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
Fe | ⓘ Iron var. Martensite | Fe |
Fe | ⓘ Iron | Fe |
Ni | Nickel | |
Ni | ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite | (Fe,Ni) |
Ni | ⓘ Taenite | (Fe,Ni) |
Cu | Copper | |
Cu | ⓘ Copper | Cu |
Cu | ⓘ Isocubanite | CuFe2S3 |
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Kunz, G.F. & Weinschenk, E. (1890) Farmington, Washington Co., Kansas Aerolite: American Journal of Science and Arts (3rd Series) 43: 65-67.
Keil, K. & Fredriksson, K. (1964) The Fe, Mg and Ca Distribution in Coexisting Olivines and Rhombic Pyroxenes of Chondrites. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres 69 (16): 3487-3515. (August 1964).
Buseck, P. & Keil, K. (1966) Meteoritic Rutile: American Mineralogist 51(9&10): 1506-1515. (Sept-Oct 1966).
Buseck, P., Mason, B. & Wiik, H.B. (1966) The Farmington meteorite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 30; Issue 1; Pages 1-8. (Jan 1966).
Binns, R. A. (1967) Farmington meteorite: Cristobalite xenoliths and blackening. Science 156: 1222- 1226.
Fuchs, L.H. (1969) The Phosphate Mineralogy of Meteorites: IN: Meteoritic Research: Millman, P.M.-Ed.: pp. 683-695. D. Reidel Publishing Company: Dordrecht-Holland.
Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages.
Bunch, T.E., Keil, K. & Snetsinger, K.G. (1967) Chromite composition in relation to chemistry and texture of ordinary chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 31(10): 1569-1582. (Oct 1967).
Smith, B. A. & Goldstein, J. I. (1977) The metallic microstructures and thermal histories of severely reheated chondrites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 41: 1061-1072. (Aug. 1977).
Dodd, R.T. & Jarosewich, E. (1979) Incipient melting in and shock classification of L-Group chondrites: Earth and Planetary Science Letters 44(2):335-340. (Aug 1979).
Olsen, E. (1981) Vugs in ordinary chondrites: Meteoritics 16 (1): 45-59. (Mar., 1981).
Grady, M.M (2000). Catalogue of Meteorites (5/e). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; New York; Oakleigh; Madrid; Cape Town. 689 pages.
Rubin, A.E. (2003) Chromite-plagioclase assemblages as a new shock indicator: Implications for the shock and thermal and histories of ordinary chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67 (14): 2695-2709.
External Links
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php - MeteoriticalBulletinDatabase
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=10074 -Farmington@MetBullDatabase
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/get_original_photo.php?recno=5629643
http://www.meteoritehistory.info/AJS/S3VIEWS/V43P066.HTM -Fall circumstances(1892 Report)
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1981Metic..16...45O - Vugs (Olsen, 1981)
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=10074 -Farmington@MetBullDatabase
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/get_original_photo.php?recno=5629643
http://www.meteoritehistory.info/AJS/S3VIEWS/V43P066.HTM -Fall circumstances(1892 Report)
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1981Metic..16...45O - Vugs (Olsen, 1981)
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