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Cariamae

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	39455	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39455

Rank

suborder (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Cariamae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
suborder	Cariamae	Fürbringer 1888

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Cariamae	suborder	belongs to Telmatoformes	stated without evidence	Lambrecht, 1933
Cariamae	suborder	belongs to Gruiformes	stated without evidence	Wetmore, 1960
Cariamae	suborder	belongs to Gruiformes	implied	Carroll, 1988
Cariamae	suborder	belongs to Ralliformes	stated without evidence	Alvarenga and Holfing, 2003
Cariamae	suborder	belongs to Gruiformes	stated without evidence	Livezey and Zusi, 2007
Cariamae	suborder	belongs to Neognathae	stated without evidence	Bertelli et al., 2007
Cariamae	suborder	belongs to Ralliformes	stated without evidence	Noriega et al., 2009
Cariamae	suborder	belongs to Gruiformes	stated without evidence	Mourer-Chauvire et al., 2011
Cariamae	suborder	belongs to Aves	stated without evidence	Angst et al., 2013

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

4 (4.5%)

First Recorded Appearance

61.6 - 59.2 Ma
Paleocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Theropoda)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Coelurosauria)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Cariamides infraorder	listed (PBDB)		13	46.2 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Otides infraorder	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Idiornithidae ✝ family	listed (PBDB)		1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Opisthodactylidae ✝ family	listed (PBDB)
Palaeociconiidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Phororhacosidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Terror Bird
Phorusrhacidae ✝ family	listed (PBDB)	Terror Bird	64	58.7 Ma Paleocene	0.78 Ma Pleistocene
Gradiornis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	61.6 Ma Paleocene	61.6 Ma Paleocene
Itaboravis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	58.7 Ma Paleocene	58.7 Ma Paleocene
Lavocatavis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1888	Cariamae Fürbringer
1933	Cariamae Lambrecht p. 516
1940	Cariamae Wetmore p. 54
1941	Phororhacoidea Patterson
1960	Cariamae Wetmore p. 27
1960	Phororhacoidea Wetmore p. 27
1988	Cariamae Carroll
2003	Cariamae Alvarenga and Holfing p. 64

Year	Name and Author
2005	Cariamae Gould and Quitmyer p. 205 figs. Table 2
2007	Cariamae Bertelli et al. p. 410
2007	Cariamae Livezey and Zusi p. 91
2009	Cariamae Noriega et al.
2011	Cariamae Mourer-Chauvire et al. p. 817
2011	Phororhacoidea Mourer-Chauvire et al. p. 817
2013	Cariamae Angst et al.

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024

Wetmore A. (1960) A classification for the birds of the world, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 139 11, 1-37

Alvarenga H. M. F., Holfing E. (2003) Systematic revision of the Phorusrhacidae (Avies: Ralliformes), Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 43 4, 55-91

Gould G. C., Quitmyer I. R. (2005) Titanis walleri: Bones of contention, Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 45 4, 201-229

Bertelli S., Chiappe L. M., et al (2007) A new phorusrhacid (Aves: Cariamae) from the Middle Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 2, 409-419

Livezey B. C., Zusi R. L. (2007) Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 1, 1-95

Noriega J. I., VizcaÃno S. F., et al (2009) First record and a new species of seriema (Aves: Ralliformes: Cariamidae) from Santacrucian (early–middle miocene) Beds of Patagonia, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29 2, 620-626 doi:10.1671/039.029.0216

Mourer-Chauvire C., Tabuce R., et al (2011) A Phororhacoid bird from the Eocene of Africa, Naturwissenschaften 98, 815-823

Angst D., Buffetaut E., et al (2013) ‘‘Terror Birds’’ (Phorusrhacidae) from the Eocene of Europe Imply Trans-Tethys Dispersal, PLoS One 8 11, e80357

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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