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Caudata

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Description

The Caudata are a group of amphibians containing the salamanders (Urodela) and all extinct species of salamander-like amphibians more closely related to salamanders than to frogs. They are typically characterized by a superficially lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, blunt snouts, short limbs projecting at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail in both larvae and adults.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caudata, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	953	https://www.gbif.org/species/953
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	53229	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53229

Rank

order (GBIF)
unranked clade (PBDB)

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Caudata

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Caudata

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Temnospondyli
-	Lissamphibia
-	Batrachia
order	Caudata

Common Name

salamander

Scientific Name

Caudata

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Caudata	order	subjective synonym of Urodela	stated without evidence	Jaekel, 1911
Caudata	order	belongs to Amphibia	stated without evidence	Holman, 1977
Caudata	order	belongs to Amphibia	implied	Naylor, 1978
Caudata	order	belongs to Amphibia	stated without evidence	Holman et al., 1990
Caudata	unranked clade	belongs to Batrachia	stated with evidence	McGowan and Evans, 1995
Caudata	order	belongs to Amphibia	stated without evidence	Frank and Ramus, 1996
Caudata	order	belongs to Lissamphibia	stated without evidence	Evans et al., 1996
Caudata	order	belongs to Amphibia	stated without evidence	Peng et al., 2001
Caudata	order	belongs to Batrachia	stated with evidence	Zardoya and Meyer, 2001
Caudata	unranked clade	belongs to Lissamphibia	stated with evidence	Gao and Shubin, 2001
Caudata	order	belongs to Amphibia	stated without evidence	Pearson et al., 2002
Caudata	order	belongs to Lissamphibia	stated without evidence	Evans and McGowan, 2002
Caudata	unranked clade	belongs to Batrachia	stated without evidence	Meyer and Zardoya, 2003
Caudata	unranked clade	belongs to Lissamphibia	stated with evidence	Gao and Shubin, 2003
Caudata	order	belongs to Amphibia	stated without evidence	Parmley et al., 2007
Caudata	order	belongs to Amphibia	implied	Venczel and Stiuca, 2008
Caudata	unranked clade	belongs to Batrachia	stated with evidence	Anderson et al., 2008
Caudata	superorder	belongs to Lissamphibia	stated without evidence	Zhang et al., 2009
Caudata	order	belongs to Amphibia	implied	Böhme, 2010
Caudata	unranked clade	belongs to Batrachia	stated with evidence	Maddin et al., 2012
Caudata	order	belongs to Lissamphibia	implied	Vianey-Liaud et al., 2014

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

326

Extant Size (PBDB)

106 (33%)

First Recorded Appearance

311 - 307 Ma
Carboniferous

Environment

brackish,freshwater,terrestrial (based on Tetrapoda)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Temnospondyli)

Diet

carnivore (based on Temnospondyli)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. Estes. 1965. A new fossil salamander from Montana and Wyoming. Copeia 1965(1):90-95

Common Name(s)

Salamanders, Salamandres, Salamandra, Salamander, Stjärtgroddjur

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caudata

External Images

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Proteida order	listed (PBDB)		192	145 Ma Late Jurassic	13.6 Ma Miocene
Amphiumoidea suborder	listed (PBDB)
Karauroidea ✝ suborder	listed (PBDB)
Plethodontoidea suborder	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Prosirenoidea ✝ suborder	listed (PBDB)		8	130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ambystomatidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ambystomatiidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Amphiumidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Batrachosauridae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Batrachosauroididae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cryptobranchidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Dicamptodontidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hynobiidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Karauridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	174 Ma Middle Jurassic	164 Ma Middle Jurassic
Noterpetontidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Plethodontidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Prosirenidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Proteidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rhyacotritonidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Salamandridae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Scapherpetontidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sirenidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Triassuridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	242 Ma Middle Triassic	242 Ma Middle Triassic
Urodeles family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		887	311 Ma Carboniferous	0 Ma Extant
Apricosiren ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	145 Ma Late Jurassic	145 Ma Late Jurassic
Bishara ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Galverpeton ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Heteroclitotriton ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Hylaeobatrachus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	129 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Kulgeriherpeton ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	145 Ma Late Jurassic	145 Ma Late Jurassic
Marmorerpeton ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	168 Ma Middle Jurassic	168 Ma Middle Jurassic
Ramonellus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	145 Ma Late Jurassic	145 Ma Late Jurassic
Urupia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	168 Ma Middle Jurassic	168 Ma Middle Jurassic

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1777	Caudata Scopoli
1960	Comonecturoides Hecht and Estes pp. 8-9 figs. Pl. 2:3-4, Pl. 3:6
1960	Comonecturoides marshi Hecht and Estes p. 8 figs. Pl. 2:3-4, Pl. 3:6
1977	Caudata Holman p. 159
1978	Caudata Naylor p. 566
1978	Comonecturoides Naylor p. 567
1981	Comonecturoides Estes
1981	Comonecturoides marshi Estes
1988	Comonecturoides Carroll
1990	Caudata Holman et al. p. 522
1995	Caudata McGowan and Evans
1996	Caudata Evans et al. p. 79
1996	Caudata Frank and Ramus
1998	Caudata Dong and Wang p. 160
2001	Caudata Gao and Shubin p. 574

Year	Name and Author
2001	Caudata Gardner p. 334 fig. 8
2001	Caudata Peng et al. p. 18
2001	Caudata Weems and George p. 570
2001	Caudata Zardoya and Meyer p. 7380
2002	Caudata Evans and McGowan p. 104
2002	Caudata Pearson et al. p. 154
2003	Caudata Gao and Shubin p. 424
2003	Caudata Meyer and Zardoya
2007	Caudata Parmley et al. p. 76
2008	Caudata Anderson et al. p. 517
2008	Caudata Venczel and Stiuca p. 733
2009	Caudata Zhang et al. p. 552
2010	Caudata Böhme p. 10
2012	Caudata Maddin et al.
2014	Caudata Vianey-Liaud et al. p. 568

References

Estes R. (1965) A new fossil salamander from Montana and Wyoming, Copeia 1965 1, 90-95

Hecht M. K., Estes R. (1960) Fossil amphibians from Quarry Nine, Postilla 46, 1-19

Holman J. A. (1977) The Pleistocene (Kansan) herpetofauna of Cumberland Cave, Maryland, Annals of Carnegie Museum 46 11, 157-172

Naylor B. G. (1978) The earliest known Necturus (Amphibia, Urodela), from the Paleocene Ravenscrag Formation of Saskatchewan, Journal of Herpetology 12 4, 565-569

Estes R. (1981) , Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie/Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology. Part 2. Gymnophiona, Caudata. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, xv-115

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Holman J. A., Bell G. L., et al (1990) A late Pleistocene herpetofauna from Bell Cave, Alabama, The Herpetological Journal 1 11, 521-529

McGowan G., Evans S. E. (1995) Albanerpetontid amphibians from the Cretaceous of Spain, Nature 373, 143-145

Evans S. E., Milner A. R., et al (1996) Sirenid salamanders and a gymnophionan amphibian from the Cretaceous of the Sudan, Palaeontology 39 1, 77-95

Frank N., Ramus E. (1996) A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World, 1-377

Dong Z., Wang Y. (1998) A new urodele (Liaoxitriton zhongjiani gen. et sp. nov.) from the Early Cretaceous of western Liaoning Province, China, Vertebrata PalAsiatica 36 4, 159-172

Gao K.-Q., Shubin N. H. (2001) Late Jurassic salamanders from northern China, Nature 410, 574-577 doi:10.1038/35069051

Gardner J. D. (2001) Monophyly and affinities of albanerpetontid amphibians (Temnospondyli; Lissamphibia), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 131, 309-352

Peng J., Russell A. P., et al (2001) Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman Formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Natural History Occasional Paper 25, 1-54

Weems R. E., George R. A. (2001) Amphibians and nonmarine turtles from the Miocene Calvert Formation of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia (USA), Journal of Paleontology 87 4, 570-588 doi:10.1666/12-071

Evans S. E., McGowan G. J. (2002) An amphibian assemblage from the Purbeck Limestone Group, Special Papers in Palaeontology 68, 103-119

Pearson D. A., Schaefer T., et al (2002) Vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Hell Creek Formation in southwestern North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota, The Hell Creek Formation and the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in the Northern Great Plains: An Integrated Continental Record of the End of the Cretaceous, Geological Society of America Special Paper 361, 145-167

Gao K.-Q., Shubin N. H. (2003) Earliest known crown-group salamanders, Nature 422, 424-428 doi:10.1038/nature01491

Meyer A., Zardoya R. (2003) Recent advances in the (molecular) phylogeny of vertebrates, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34, 311-338

Parmley D., Clark J., et al (2007) Amphiuma (Caudata: Amphiumidae) from the Pleistocene Clark Quarry local fauna of coastal Georgia, Georgia Journal of Science 65 2, 76-81

Anderson J. S., Reisz R. R., et al (2008) A stem batrachian from the Early Permian of Texas and the origin of frogs and salamanders, Nature 453, 515-518 doi:10.1038/nature06865

Venczel M., Stiuca E. (2008) Late middle Miocene amphibians and squamate reptiles from Taut, Romania, Geodiversitas 30 4, 731-763

Zhang G., Wang Y., et al (2009) A new Early Cretaceous salamander (Regalerpeton weichangensis gen. et sp. nov.) from the Huajiying Formation of northeastern China, Cretaceous Research 30 3, 551-558 doi:10/1016/j.cretres.2008.10.004

Böhme M. (2010) Ectothermic vertebrates (Actinopterygii, Allocaudata, Urodela, Anura, Crocodylia, Squamata) from the Miocene of Sandelzhausen (Germany, Bavaria) and their implications for environment reconstruction and palaeoclimate, Paläontologische Zeitschrift 84 1, 3-41 doi:10.1007/s12542-010-0050-4

Maddin H. C., Jenkins Jr F. A., et al (2012) The Braincase of Eocaecilia micropodia (Lissamphibia, Gymnophiona) and the Origin of Caecilians, PLoS One 7 12, e50743 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050743

Vianey-Liaud M., Comte B., et al (2014) A new early late Oligocene (MP 26) continental vertebrate fauna from Saint-Privat-des-Vieux (Alès Basin, Gard, Southern France), Geodiversitas 36 4, 565-622 doi:10.5252/g2014n4a4

Flores-Villela, Oscar / McCoy, C. J., ed., 1993: Herpetofauna Mexicana: Lista anotada de las especies de anfibios y reptiles de México, cambios taxonómicos recientes, y nuevas especies. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication, no. 17. iv + 73. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2004: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, draft (2004). - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Frost, DR. (2014) Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 (2014-02-04). Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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