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Phalium

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Description

Phalium, common name the bonnet shells, is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cassidae, the helmet shells, bonnet shells and their allies.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalium, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	9019537	https://www.gbif.org/species/9019537
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	10270	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=10270

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Cassidae : Phalium

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cassidae : Phalium

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Gastropoda	Cuvier 1797
superorder	Hypsogastropoda
infraorder	Littorinimorpha	Golikov and Starobogtov 1975
superfamily	Tonnoidea	(Suter 1913)
family	Cassidae	Latreille 1825
subfamily	Phaliinae	Beu 1981
genus	Phalium	Link 1807

Scientific Name

Phalium Link, 1807

Name Published In

Link, Johann H. F. 1807. Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock. Adler Vol. 3: 101-165.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Phalium	subgenus	belongs to Cassis	stated without evidence	Maury, 1912
Phalium	genus	belongs to Cassidae	stated without evidence	Nagao, 1928
Phalium	genus	belongs to Cassididae	stated without evidence	Durham, 1944
Phalium	genus	belongs to Cassidae	stated with evidence	Ladd, 1977
Phalium	genus	belongs to Cassididae	stated without evidence	Squires, 1984
Phalium	genus	belongs to Cassidae	stated with evidence	Squires and Advocate, 1986
Phalium	genus	belongs to Cassidae	stated without evidence	Squires, 1987
Phalium	genus	belongs to Phaliinae	implied	Wilson, 1993
Phalium	genus	belongs to Cassidae	stated with evidence	Todd, 2001
Phalium	genus	belongs to Neotaenioglossa	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Phalium	genus	belongs to Phaliinae	stated with evidence	Beu, 2005

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

4 (31%)

First Recorded Appearance

56.0 - 47.8 Ma
Eocene

Motility

actively mobile (based on Cassidae)

Vision

limited (based on Gastropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Cassidae)

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Gastropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalium

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Phalium (Kahua) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)
Phalium (Menthafontia) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)		3	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Phalium (Phalium) subgenus	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Cassis guppyana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cassis mississippiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cassis paraensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phalium (Bezoardica) egberti ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Phalium aequisulcatum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phalium areola species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0.78 Ma Pleistocene
Phalium bandatum species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Phalium bicoronatum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phalium cancellianum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phalium cicatricosum species	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Phalium dalli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phalium decussatum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phalium evdoxiae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phalium exaratum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phalium fimbria species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phalium flammiferum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phalium glaucum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phalium globosum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phalium guppyana ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Phalium menthafons species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phalium muangmani species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phalium newbernensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phalium paraensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Phalium reklawensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phalium turricula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phalium undulatum species	listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Bezoardicella Habe, 1961	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Cassidae : *Bezoardicella*
Bezoardica Schumacher, 1817	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Cassidae : *Bezoardica*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1807	Phalium Link p. 112
1886	Cassis (Bezoardica) Watson p. 408
1903	Semicassis (Bezoardica) Cossmann p. 160
1909	Bezoardica Dall
1912	Cassis (Phalium) Maury p. 84
1925	Cassidea (Bezoardica) Vredenburg p. 271
1928	Phalium Nagao p. 106
1944	Phalium Durham p. 167
1944	Phalium (Bezoardica) Durham p. 167
1961	Bezoardicella Habe p. 43
1977	Phalium Ladd p. 32

Year	Name and Author
1982	Phalium Ladd p. 40
1984	Phalium Squires p. 27
1986	Phalium Squires and Advocate p. 858
1987	Phalium Squires p. 40
1993	Phalium Wilson p. 232
1999	Phalium Squires p. 18
2001	Phalium Todd
2002	Phalium Harzhauser p. 91
2002	Phalium Sepkoski, Jr.
2005	Phalium Beu p. 46
2008	Phalium Beu p. 361

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Maury C. J. (1912) A contribution to the paleontology of Trinidad, Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 15, 1-112

Vredenburg E. (1925) Description of Mollusca from the post-Eocene Tertiary formation of north-western India: Cephalopoda, Opisthobranchiata, Siphonostomata, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 50 1, 1-350

Nagao T. (1928) Palaeogene fossils of the Island of Kyushu, Japan Part II, Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University 12 1, 11-140

Durham J. W. (1944) Megafaunal zones of the Oligocene of northwestern Washington, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 27, 101 -212

Ladd H. S. (1977) Cenozoic fossil mollusks from Western Pacific Islands; Gastropods (Eratoidae through Harpidae), United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 533, 1-84

Ladd H. S. (1982) Cenozoic fossil mollusks from Western Pacific Islands; Gastropods (Volutidae through Terebridae), United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1171, 1-100

Squires R. L. (1984) Megapaleontology of the Eocene Llajas Formation, Simi Valley, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 350, 1-76

Squires R. L., Advocate D. M. (1986) New Early Eocene Mollusks from the Orocopia Mountains, Southern California, Journal of Paleontology 60 4, 851-864

Squires R. L. (1987) Eocene molluscan paleontology of the Whitaker Peak area, Los Angeles and Ventura counties, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 388, 1-93

Wilson B. (1993) , Australian Marine Shells 1

Todd J. A. (2001) Systematic list of gastropods in the Panama Paleontology Project collections

Harzhauser M. (2002) Marine und brachyhaline Gastropoden aus dem Karpatium des Korneubuger Beckens und der Kreuzstettener Bucht (Österreich, Untermiozän), Beiträge zur Paläontologie 27, 61-159

Beu A. G. (2005) Neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of Indonesia, Scripta Geologica 130, 1-186

Beu A. G. (2008) Recent deep-water Cassidae of the world. A revision of Galeodea, Oocorys, Sconsia, Echinophoria and related taxa, with new genera and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda), Memoires du Museum national d'Historie naturelle 196, 269-387

Aphia2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, et al., 1998: Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd ed.. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26. 526. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

SN2000/Ruppert et al., 2004 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Beschr. Nat. Samml. Univ. Rostock, (3) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Abbott, R. T. (1968). The Helmet shells of the world (Cassidae) Part 1. Indo-pacific Mollusca. 2(9): 7-201. - via World Register of Marine Species

Kreipl K. 1997. Recent Cassidae. Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 151 p. - via World Register of Marine Species

Beu, A. G. (2008). Recent deep-water Cassidae of the world. A revision of Galeodea, Oocorys, Sconsia, Echinophoria and related taxa, with new genera and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda). in: Héros, V. et al. (Ed.) Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos 25. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (1993). 196: 269-387. - via World Register of Marine Species

Link D.H.F. (1807-1808). Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock. Rostock: Adlers Erben. 1 Abt. [Part 1], pp. 1-50; 2 Abt. [Part 2], pp. 51-100; 3 Abt. [Part 3], pp. 101-165; Abt. 4 [Part 4],pp. 1-30; Abt. 5 [Part 5], pp. 1-38 [1808]; Abt. 6 [Part 6], pp. 1-38. - via World Register of Marine Species

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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