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Polymixiiformes

Description

The beardfishes consist of a single extant genus, Polymixia, of deep-sea marine ray-finned fish named for their pair of long hyoid barbels. At present they are classified in their own order Polymixiiformes, but as Nelson says, "few groups have been shifted back and forth as frequently as this one". For instance, they have previously been classified as belonging to the Beryciformes. They are of little economic importance.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)589https://www.gbif.org/species/589
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)35648https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=35648
Rankorder
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Polymixiiformes
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Polymixiiformes
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
superclassActinopterygii
classActinopteri
subclassNeopterygii
-TeleosteomorphaArratia et al. 2004
-Teleostei
-Osteoglossocephalai
-ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
-Euteleosteomorpha
-NeoteleosteiRosen 1973
-Eurypterygia
-Ctenosquamata
-Acanthomorphata
orderPolymixiiformes
Common Namebeardfish
Scientific NamePolymixiiformes
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Polymixiiformesorderbelongs to Osteichthyessecond handSepkoski, 2002
Polymixiiformesorderbelongs to Polymyxiomorphastated without evidenceNelson, 2006
Polymixiiformesorderbelongs to Polymixiaceastated with evidenceBetancur-R et al., 2013
Polymixiiformesorderbelongs to Acanthomorphastated with evidenceMurray and Wilson, 2014
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)16
Extant Size (PBDB)3 (19%)
First Recorded Appearance99.6 - 93.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Environmentmarine (based on Vertebrata)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Acanthomorphata)
Dietomnivore (based on Acanthomorphata)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560
Common Name(s) ギンメダイ, Beardfish
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymixiiformes

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Boreiohydriidae
family
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Polymixiidae
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
972.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
0 Ma
Extant
Pycnosteroididae
family
listed (PBDB)1145 Ma
Late Jurassic
145 Ma
Late Jurassic
Aipichthyoides
genus
listed (PBDB)299.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
99.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Berycopsia
genus
listed (PBDB)
Dalmatichthys
genus
listed (PBDB)
Homonotichthys
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Omosoma
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Paraipichthys
genus
listed (PBDB)
Polymixia
genus
listed (PBDB)283.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
0 Ma
Extant
Pycnosterinx
genus
listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
2002Polymixiiformes Sepkoski, Jr.
2006Polymixiiformes Nelson
2013Polymixiiformes Betancur-R. et al.
2014Polymixiiformes Murray and Wilson p. 41

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560
Nelson J. S. (2006) , Fishes of the world, 4th edition, 1-601
Betancur-R. R., Broughton R. E., et al (2013) The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes, PLOS Currents Tree of Life doi:10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288
Murray A. M., Wilson M. V. H. (2014) Four new basal acanthomorph fishes from the Late Cretaceous of Morocco, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 1, 34-48 doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.791693
Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2019). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2019. - via World Register of Marine Species
Van Der Laan, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Fricke, R. (2014). Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa. 3882(1): 1-230. - via World Register of Marine Species
Nelson, Joseph S., 1994: null. Fishes of the World, Third Edition. xvii + 600. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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