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Hyopsodus ✝

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Description

Hyopsodus is a genus of extinct odd-toed ungulate mammal of the family Hyopsodontidae. Fossils of this genus have been found in North America, especially the Bighorn Basin region of the United States. It is believed to have been swift and nimble, living in burrows, and perhaps able to use echolocation.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyopsodus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	5428926	https://www.gbif.org/species/5428926
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	42250	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42250

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyopsodontidae : Hyopsodus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Condylarthra : Hyopsodontidae : Hyopsodus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
order	Ungulata
suborder	Condylarthra	Cope 1881
family	Hyopsodontidae	Trouessart 1879
genus	Hyopsodus	Leidy 1870

Scientific Name

Hyopsodus Leidy, 1870

Name Published In

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1870

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Hyopsodus	genus	belongs to Hyopsodontidae	stated without evidence	Leidy, 1870
Hyopsodus	genus	belongs to Omnivora	stated with evidence	Leidy, 1873
Hyopsodus	genus	subjective synonym of Microchoerus	stated without evidence	Lydekker, 1885
Hyopsodus	genus	belongs to Hyopsodontidae	stated without evidence	Osborn, 1902
Hyopsodus	genus	belongs to Limnotheriidae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Hyopsodus	genus	belongs to Hyopsodontidae	stated without evidence	Stock, 1934
Hyopsodus	genus	belongs to Hyopsodontidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Hyopsodus	genus	belongs to Hyopsodontidae	stated without evidence	Archibald, 1998
Hyopsodus	genus	belongs to Hyopsodontinae	stated with evidence	Zack et al., 2005
Hyopsodus	genus	belongs to Hyopsodontidae	stated with evidence	Williamson and Weil, 2011
Hyopsodus	genus	belongs to Hyopsodontidae	stated without evidence	Rose et al., 2012
Hyopsodus	genus	belongs to Hyopsodontidae	stated with evidence	Halliday et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

56.8 - 55.8 Ma
Paleogene

Last Recorded Appearance

40.4 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

omnivore (based on Hyopsodontidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

H. F. Osborn. 1902. The four phyla of Oligocene titanotheres. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 16(8):91-109

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyopsodus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Antiacodon mentalis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	21	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Esthonyx miticulus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Hyopsodus fangxianensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Hyopsodus fastigatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	46.2 Ma Eocene	46.2 Ma Eocene
Hyopsodus huashigouensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Hyopsodus itinerans ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Hyopsodus latidens ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	32	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Hyopsodus lepidus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	10	50.3 Ma Eocene	46.2 Ma Eocene
Hyopsodus loomisi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	154	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Hyopsodus lysitensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	102	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Hyopsodus markmani ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Hyopsodus minor ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	61	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Hyopsodus minusculus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	60	55.8 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Hyopsodus paulus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	82	55.8 Ma Eocene	46.2 Ma Eocene
Hyopsodus pauxillus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	9	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Hyopsodus powellianus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	86	55.8 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Hyopsodus pygmaeus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Hyopsodus sholemi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	40.4 Ma Eocene	40.4 Ma Eocene
Hyopsodus simplex ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	61	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Hyopsodus tonksi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	50.3 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Hyopsodus uintensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	13	46.2 Ma Eocene	46.2 Ma Eocene
Hyopsodus walcottianus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	14	55.8 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Hyopsodus wardi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Hyopsodus wortmani ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	54	55.8 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1870	Hyopsodus Leidy
1872	Stenacodon Marsh
1873	Hyopsodus Leidy p. 320
1875	Lemuravus Marsh
1902	Lemuravus Hay p. 789
1902	Hyopsodus Hay p. 790
1902	Stenacodon Hay p. 794
1902	Hyopsodus Osborn
1934	Hyopsodus Stock p. 352

Year	Name and Author
1968	Hyopsodus Gazin
1988	Hyopsodus Carroll
1998	Hyopsodus Archibald p. 307
2001	Hyopsodus Thewissen et al. p. suppl.
2005	Hyopsodus Zack et al.
2011	Hyopsodus Williamson and Weil
2012	Hyopsodus Rose et al.
2017	Hyopsodus Halliday et al. p. 525

References

Osborn H. F. (1902) The four phyla of Oligocene titanotheres, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 16 8, 91-109

Leidy J. Part I. Contributions to the extinct vertebrate fauna of the western territories, Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories 1, 1-358

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Stock C. (1934) Microsyopsinae and Hyopsodontidae in the Sespe Upper Eocene, California, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 20 6, 349-354

Gazin C. L. (1968) A study of the Eocene condylarthran mammal Hyopsodus, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 153 4, 1-90

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Archibald J. D. (1998) Archaic ungulates ("Condylarthra"), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1, 292-331

Thewissen J. G. M, Williams E. M., et al (2001) Skeletons of terrestrial cetaceans and the relationship of whales to artiodactyls, Nature 413, 277-281

Zack S. P., Penkrot T. A., et al (2005) A new apheliscine "condylarth" mammal from the late Paleocene of Montana and Alberta and the phylogeny of "hyopsodontids", Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 4, 809-830

Williamson T. E., Weil A. (2011) A new early Paleocene (Puercan) hyopsodontid “condylarth” from New Mexico, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 2, 247-255 doi:doi:10.4202/app.2009.0147

Rose K. D., Chew A. E., et al (2012) Earliest Eocene mammalian fauna from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum at Sand Creek Divide, southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 36, 1-122

Halliday T. J. D., Upchurch P., et al (2017) Resolving the relationships of Paleocene placental mammals 92, 521-550 doi:10.1111/brv.12242

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1870 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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