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Kogiidae

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Description

Kogiidae is a family comprising at least two extant species of Cetacea, the pygmy and dwarf sperm whales. As their common names suggest, they somewhat resemble sperm whales, with squared heads and small lower jaws, but are much smaller in size, with much shorter skulls and more notable dorsal fins than sperm whales. Kogiids are also characterized by a "false gill slit" behind their eyes.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogiidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	5317	https://www.gbif.org/species/5317
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	53256	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53256

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Kogiidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
order	Cetacea	Brisson 1762
-	Pelagiceti	Uhen 2008
-	Neoceti	Fordyce and de Muizon 2001
suborder	Odontoceti	Flower 1867
superfamily	Physeteroidea	Gray 1868
family	Kogiidae	Miller 1923

Common Name

pygmy sperm whale

Scientific Name

Kogiidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Kogiidae	family	belongs to Odontoceti	stated without evidence	Miller, 1923
Kogiidae	family	belongs to Physeteroidea	stated with evidence	Kasuya, 1973
Kogiidae	family	belongs to Physeteroidea	stated without evidence	Barnes et al., 1985
Kogiidae	family	belongs to Physeteroidea	stated with evidence	Lambert et al., 2010
Kogiidae	family	belongs to Physeteroidea	stated without evidence	Canto et al., 2010
Kogiidae	family	belongs to Physeteroidea	stated with evidence	Velez-Juarbe et al., 2015
Kogiidae	family	belongs to Physeteroidea	stated without evidence	Berta, 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

5 (24%)

First Recorded Appearance

23.0 - 13.8 Ma
Miocene

Environment

marine,freshwater (based on Odontoceti)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Cetacea)

Diet

carnivore (based on Odontoceti)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Odontoceti)

Ontogeny

modification of parts (based on Cetacea)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite (based on Odontoceti)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

G. S. Miller. 1923. The telescoping of the cetacean skull. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 76(5):1-70

Common Name(s)

Pygmy And Dwarf Sperm Whales, Small Sperm Whales, Pygmy Sperm Whale

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogiidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Kogiinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	40	13.8 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Scaphokogiinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	3	11.6 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Aprixokogia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Kogia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	31	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Thalassocetus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	13.8 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1923	Kogiidae Miller p. 33
1928	Kogiidae Kellogg p. 34 figs. Table 1
1973	Kogiidae Kasuya p. 61
1985	Kogiidae Barnes et al. p. 26
1990	Kogiidae Muizon p. 297
1991	Kogiidae Vidal p. 5
1994	Kogiidae Fordyce and Barnes p. 428 figs. Table 1
1995	Kogiidae Fordyce et al. p. 379
1998	Kogiidae Rice
1999	Kogiidae Bianucci and Landini p. 445
2001	Kogiidae Fordyce and de Muizon p. 179
2002	Kogiidae Rice p. 231 figs. Table 1
2005	Kogiidae Gingerich p. 237 figs. Table 15.1
2007	Kogiidae Bianucci and Landini p. 45 figs. Table 2.1
2008	Kogiidae Bloodworth and Odell p. 1

Year	Name and Author
2008	Kogiidae Lambert
2008	Kogiidae Uhen et al. p. 573
2008	Kogiidae Whitmore and Kaltenbach p. 230
2009	Kogiidae Rice p. 235 figs. Table 1
2010	Kogiidae Canto et al. p. 20
2010	Kogiidae Lambert et al. p. 107 figs. Fig. 2
2011	Kogiidae Bianucci et al. p. 560
2011	Kogiidae Geisler et al. p. 5 figs. Table 1
2014	Kogiidae Aguirre-Fernández and Fordyce p. 195
2015	Kogiidae Velez-Juarbe et al. p. 5
2016	Kogiidae Marx et al. p. 123
2016	Kogiidae Velez-Juarbe et al. pp. e1135806-2
2017	Kogiidae Berta p. 161
2017	Kogiidae Collareta et al. p. 261
2019	Kogiidae Collareta et al. p. 611

References

Miller G. S. (1923) The telescoping of the cetacean skull, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 76 5, 1-70

Muizon C. (1990) A new Ziphiidae (Cetacea) from the Early Miocene of Washington State (USA) and phylogenetic analysis of the major groups of odontocetes, Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. 4e Serie. Section C. Sciences de la Terre. Paleontologie, Geologie, Mineralogie 12 3-4, 279-326

Vidal O. (1991) Catalog of osteological collections of aquatic mammals from Mexico, NOAA Technical Reports NMFS 97, 1-36

Rice D. W. (1998) Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution, The Society for Marine Mammalogy Special Publication 4, 1-231

Bianucci G., Landini W. (1999) Kogia pusilla from the middle Pliocene of Tuscany (Taly) and a phylogenetic analysis of the family Kogiidae (Odontoceti, Cetacea), Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 105 3, 445-453

Fordyce R. E., de Muizon C. (2001) Evolutionary history of the cetaceans: a review, Secondary Adaptations of Tetrapods to Life in the Water, 169-233

Lambert O. (2008) Sperm whales from the Miocene of the North Sea: a re-appraisal, Bulletin del'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre 78, 277-316

Uhen M. D., Fordyce R. E., et al (2008) Odontoceti, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America II, 566-606

Whitmore F. C., Kaltenbach J. A. (2008) Neogene Cetacea of the Lee Creek Phosphate Mine, North Carolina, Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 14, 181-269

Canto J., Yanez J., et al (2010) Estado actual del conocimiento de los mamíferos fósiles de Chile, Estudios Geologicos 66 2, 255-284 doi:10.3989/egeol.39778.05

Lambert O., Bianucci G., et al (2010) The giant bite of a new raptorial sperm whale from the Miocene epoch of Peru, Nature 466, 105-108

Bianucci G., Gatt M., et al (2011) Systematics, biostratigraphy and evolutionary pattern of the Oligo-Miocene marine mammals from the Maltese Islands, Geobios 44, 549-585

Geisler J. H., McGowen M. R., et al (2011) A supermatrix analysis of genomic, morphological, and paleontological data from crown Cetacea, BMC Evolutionary Biology 11 112, 1-33

Aguirre-Fernández G., Fordyce R. E. (2014) Papahu taitapu, gen. et sp. nov., an early Miocene stem odontocete (Cetacea) from New Zealand, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 1, 195-210 doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.799069

Velez-Juarbe J., Wood A. R., et al (2015) Evolutionary patterns among living and fossil kogiid sperm whales: Evidence from the Neogene of Central America, PLoS One 10 4, e0123909 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123909

Marx F. G., Lambert O., et al (2016) Cetacean Paleobiology, 1-319

Velez-Juarbe J., Wood A. R., et al (2016) Pygmy sperm whales (Odontoceti, Kogiidae) from the Pliocene of Florida and North Carolina, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, e1135806 doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1135806

Berta A. (2017) , The Rise of Marine Mammals: 50 Million Years of Evolution, 1-198

Collareta A., Lambert O., et al (2017) Koristocetus pescei gen. et sp. nov., a diminutive sperm whale (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Kogiidae) from the late Miocene of Peru, Fossil Record 20, 259-278 doi:10.5194/fr-20-259-2017

Collareta A., Fulgosi F. C., et al (2019) A new kogiid sperm whale from northern Italy supports psychrospheric conditions in the early Pliocene Mediterranean Sea, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 64 3, 609-626 doi:10.4202/app.00578.2018

Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (editors). (2005). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd Ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 2,142 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

refer synonym source - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

web search (AJR) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

CoL2006/ITIS - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005). Cetacea. In Wilson, D.E. & D.M. Reeder (eds). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. 723--743. - via World Register of Marine Species

van der Land, J. (2001). Tetrapoda, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 375-376 - via World Register of Marine Species

CoL2006/ITIS, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Jefferson, T.A.; Leatherwood, S.; Webber, M.A. (1993). Marine mammals of the world. FAO Species identification guide. FAO: Rome, Italy. ISBN 92-5-103292-0. VIII, 320 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

Rice, Dale W., 1998: Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4. ix + 231. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

American Society of Mammalogists (2018) Mammal Diversity Database. - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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