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Turdidae

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Description

The thrushes are a family, Turdidae, of passerine birds with a worldwide distribution. The family was once much larger before biologists determined the subfamily Saxicolinae, which includes the chats and European robins, were Old World flycatchers. Thrushes are small to medium-sized ground living birds that feed on insects, other invertebrates and fruit. Some unrelated species around the world have been named after thrushes due to their similarity to birds in this family.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turdidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	5290	https://www.gbif.org/species/5290
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	129843	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=129843

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Turdidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
-	Pygostylia	Chiappe 2002
-	Ornithothoraces	Chiappe and Calvo 1994
-	Ornithuromorpha	Chiappe et al. 1999
subclass	Ornithurae	Haeckel 1866
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
-	Neognathae
-	Neoaves	Sibley et al. 1988
-	Terrestrornithes	Livezey and Zusi 2007
-	Dendrornithes
-	Anomalogonates	Garrod 1874
-	Picoclamatores	Livezey and Zusi 2007
superorder	Passerimorphae	Sibley et al. 1988
order	Passeriformes	Linnaeus 1758
family	Turdidae	Rafinesque 1815

Common Name

thrush

Scientific Name

Turdidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Turdidae	family	belongs to Oscines	stated with evidence	Lambrecht, 1933
Turdidae	family	belongs to Aves	stated without evidence	Wetmore, 1962
Turdidae	subfamily	belongs to Muscicapidae	stated without evidence	Olson and James, 1982
Turdidae	subfamily	belongs to Muscicapidae	stated with evidence	Zuccon et al., 2006
Turdidae	family	belongs to Passeriformes	stated with evidence	Clements et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

29 (91%)

First Recorded Appearance

5.33 - 1.80 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

terrestrial

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

insectivore, frugivore

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

P. W. Parmalee. 1992. A late Pleistocene avifauna from northwestern Alabama. Science Series, Los Angeles Museum of Natural History, Science, and Art 36:307-318

Common Name(s)

Lijsters En Tapuiten, Thrushes, Chats, Thrush, Lijsters, Thrushes, Trastefamilien, Trastfåglar, Trostefamilien, Ob. Trast, Ob. Trastfågel, Trastar

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turdidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Alethe genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cataponera genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Catharus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	1.80 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Chlamydochaera genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cichlopsis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cochoa genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Entomodestes genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Geokichla genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Geomalia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hylocichla genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	1.81 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Ixoreus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Meridiocichla ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Merula genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Mimocichla genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Myadestes genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Neocossyphus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Nesocichla genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phaeornis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Planesticus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pseudalethe genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psophocichla genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ridgwayia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sialia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Bluebird	4	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Stizorhina genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turdus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	True Thrush	142	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Zoothera genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1815	Turdidae Rafinesque
1933	Turdidae Lambrecht p. 641
1962	Turdidae Wetmore p. 13
1982	Turdinae Olson and James p. 38
1990	Turdinae Chandler p. 155
1992	Turdinae Parmalee p. 316
2006	Turdinae Zuccon et al.
2017	Turdidae Clements et al.

References

Parmalee P. W. (1992) A late Pleistocene avifauna from northwestern Alabama, Science Series, Los Angeles Museum of Natural History, Science, and Art 36, 307-318

Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024

Wetmore A. (1962) Notes on fossil and subfossil birds, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 145 2, 1-17

Olson S. L., James H. F. (1982) Prodromus of the fossil avifauna of the Hawaiian Islands, Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 365, 1-59

Chandler R. M. (1990) Fossil birds of the San Diego Formation, Late Pliocene, Blancan, San Diego County, California, Ornithological Monographs 44, 73-161

Zuccon D., Cibois A., et al (2006) Nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data reveal the major lineages of starlings, mynas and related taxa, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 41 2, 333-344

Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Gärdenfors, Ulf, Hall, Ragnar, Hallingbäck, Tomas, Hansson, Hans G. & Hedström, Lars (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 5, ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. (reviderad excelfil med svenska djurfamiljer). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Jirle, M. (2015) Officiella svenska namn på alla världens fågelfamiljer – Taxonomikommittén SOF/BirdLife Sverige – version 10 (11 februari 2015. ). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Gill, D. (eds.) (2015) IOC World Bird List (v 5.1). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.5.1. Online: http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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