Description | Aralosaurus was a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now Kazakhstan. It is known only by a posterior half of a skull (devoid of its mandible) and some post-cranial bones found in the Bostobe Formation in rocks dated from the Upper Santonian-Lower Campanian boundary, at about 83.6 Ma (millions of years). Only one species is known, Aralosaurus tuberiferus, described by Anatoly Konstantinovich Rozhdestvensky in 1968. The genus name means Aral Sea lizard, because it was found to the northeast of the Aral Sea. The specific epithet tuberiferus means bearing a tuber because the posterior part of the nasal bone rises sharply in front of the orbits like an outgrowth. Aralosaurus was originally reconstituted with a nasal arch similar to that of North American Kritosaurus (a comparison based on a specimen now placed in the genus Gryposaurus). For many years, Aralosaurus was thus placed in the clade of the Hadrosaurinae. This classification was invalidated in 2004, following the re-examination of the skull of the animal which allowed to identify in Aralosaurus many typical characters of Lambeosaurinae. In particular, this study revealed that Aralosaurus had a hollow bony structure located far in front of the orbits, which communicated with the respiratory tract. This structure being broken at its base, its shape and size unfortunately remains undetermined. More recently, Aralosaurus has been identified as the most basal Lambeosaurinae, and placed with its close relative Canardia from the upper Maastrichtian of France in the new clade of Aralosaurini.
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Source Data | |
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Rank | species |
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Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Hadrosauridae : Aralosaurus : Aralosaurus tuberiferus |
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Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Hadrosauridae : Aralosaurus : Aralosaurus tuberiferus |
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Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted |
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Classification (PBDB,GBIF) | |
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Generic Name | Aralosaurus |
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Scientific Name | Aralosaurus tuberiferus Rozhdestvensky, 1968 |
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Name Published In | Rozhdestvensky, A. K. 1968. In: (Tatarinov & et al., ed.), : 97-141. |
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Opinions (PBDB) | Name | Rank | Opinion | Evidence | Author |
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Aralosaurus tuberiferus | species | belongs to Aralosaurus | stated without evidence | Rozhdestvensky, 1968 | Aralosaurus tuberiferus | species | belongs to Aralosaurus | stated with evidence | Weishampel and Horner, 1990 | Aralosaurus tuberiferus | species | belongs to Aralosaurus | stated without evidence | Ryan, 1997 | Aralosaurus tuberiferus | species | nomen dubium Aralosaurus | stated with evidence | Norman and Sues, 2000 | Aralosaurus tuberiferus | species | belongs to Aralosaurus | stated with evidence | Horner et al., 2004 | Aralosaurus tuberiferus | species | belongs to Aralosaurus | stated without evidence | Godefroit et al., 2004 | Aralosaurus tuberiferus | species | belongs to Aralosaurus | stated with evidence | Averianov and Alifanov, 2012 | Aralosaurus tuberiferus | species | belongs to Aralosaurus | stated without evidence | Averianov et al., 2012 | Aralosaurus tuberiferus | species | belongs to Aralosaurus | stated with evidence | Cruzado-Caballero et al., 2013 | Aralosaurus tuberiferus | species | belongs to Aralosaurus | stated without evidence | Bolotsky et al., 2014 |
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Status (PBDB) | extinct |
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Taxon Size (PBDB) | 1 |
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First Recorded Appearance | 86.3 - 70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous |
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Last Recorded Appearance | 86.3 - 70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous |
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Environment | terrestrial (based on Ornithischia) |
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Motility | actively mobile (based on Ornithischia) |
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Diet | herbivore (based on Ornithopoda) |
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Reproduction | oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Ornithischia) |
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Ontogeny | accretion,modification of parts (based on Ornithischia) |
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Taphonomy | hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Ornithischia) |
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Primary Reference (PBDB) | A. K. Rozhdestvensky. 1968. Gadrozavry Kazakhstana [Hadrosaurs of Kazakhstan]. In L. P. Tatarinov et al. (ed.), [Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic Amphibians and Reptiles]. Akademia Naul SSSR, Moscow |
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Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aralosaurus_tuberiferus |
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Rozhdestvensky A. K. (1968) Gadrozavry Kazakhstana [Hadrosaurs of Kazakhstan], [Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic Amphibians and Reptiles]. Akademia Naul SSSR, Moscow, 97-141 |
Rozhdestvensky A. K. (1977) The study of dinosaurs in Asia, Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 20, 102-119 |
Weishampel D. B., Weishampel J. B. (1983) Annotated localities of ornithopod dinosaurs: implications to Mesozoic paleobiogeography, The Mosasaur 1, 43-87 |
Ryan M. J. (1997) Middle Asian dinosaurs, Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs, 442-444 |
Horner J. R., Weishampel D. B., et al (2004) Hadrosauridae, The Dinosauria (2nd edition). University of California Press, Berkeley, 438-463 |
Evans D. C., Reisz R. R. (2007) Anatomy and relationships of Lambeosaurus magnicristatus, a crested hadrosaurid dinosaur (Ornithischia) from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 2, 373-393 |
Gates T. A., Sampson S. D., et al (2007) Velafrons coahuilensis, a new lambeosaurine hadrosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the late Campanian Cerro del Pueblo Formation, Coahuila, Mexico, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 4, 917-930 |
Godefroit P., Hai S., et al (2008) New hadrosaurid dinosaurs from the uppermost Cretaceous of northeastern China, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53 1, 47-74 |
Dalla Vecchia F. M. (2009) Telmatosaurus and the other hadrosauroids of the Cretaceous European Archipelago. An update, Natura Nascosta 39, 1-18 |
Juárez Valieri R. D., Haro J. A., et al (2010) A new hadrosauroid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous) of Patagonia, Argentina, Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, neuvo serie 12 2, 217-231 |
Prieto-Márquez A. (2010) Glishades ericksoni, a new hadrosauroid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Late Cretaceous of North America, Zootaxa 2452, 1-17 |
Averianov A. O., Alifanov V. R. (2012) New data on duck-billed dinosaurs (Ornithischia, Hadrosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Tajikistan, Paleontological Journal 46 5, 512-519 doi:10.1134/s0031030112050036 |
Averianov A. O., Sues H.-D., et al (2012) The forgotten dinosaurs of Zhetysu (Eastern Kazakhstan; Late Cretaceous), Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences 316 2, 139-147 |
Ramírez-Velasco A. A., Benammi M., et al (2012) Huehuecanauhtlus tiquichensis, a new hadrosauroid dinosaur (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Santonian (Late Cretaceous) of Michoacán, Mexico, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 49, 379-395 doi:10.1139/E11-062 |
Cruzado-Caballero P., Canudo J. I., et al (2013) New material and phylogenetic position of Arenyasaurus ardevoli, a lambeosaurine dinosaur from the Late Maastrichtian of Aren (northern Spain), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 6, 1367-1384 |
Bolotsky Y. L., Godefroit P., et al (2014) Hadrosaurs from the Far East: historical perspective and new Amurosaurus material from Blagoveschensk (Amur region, Russia), Hadrosaurs, 315-331 |
Gates T. A., Jinnah Z., et al (2014) New hadrosaurid (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) specimens from the lower-middle Campanian Wahweap Formation of southern Utah, Hadrosaurs, 156-173 |
Ohashi T., Prieto-Marquéz A., et al (2015) Hadrosauroid remains from the Coniacian (Late Cretaceous) Futaba Group, northeastern Japan, Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Series A 13, 1-6 |
Prieto-Márquez A., Erickson G. M., et al (2016) A primitive hadrosaurid from southeastern North America and the origin and early evolution of ‘duck-billed’ dinosaurs, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 2, e1054495:1-10 doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1054495 |
Cruzado-Caballero P., Powell J. E. (2017) Bonapartesaurus rionegrensis, a new hadrosaurine dinosaur from South America: implications for phylogenetic and biogeographic relations with North America, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37 2, e1289381:1-16 doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1289381 |
A. K. Rozhdestvensky (1968) Gadrozavry Kazakhstana [Hadrosaurs of Kazakhstan]: [Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic Amphibians and Reptiles]. Akademia Naul SSSR, Moscow: 97--141 - via Catalogue of Life |
P. Cruzado-Caballero, J. I. Canudo, M. Moreno-Azanza (2013) New material and phylogenetic position of Arenyasaurus ardevoli, a lambeosaurine dinosaur from the Late Maastrichtian of Aren (northern Spain): Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6: 1367--1384 - via Catalogue of Life |