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Merychyus ✝

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Description

Merychyus is an extinct genus of oreodont of the family Merycoidodontidae, endemic to North America. It lived during the Miocene, 20.4—10.3 mya, existing for approximately 10 million years. Fossils are widespread through the central and western United States.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merychyus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4835296	https://www.gbif.org/species/4835296
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	42499	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42499

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Merycoidodontidae : Merychyus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Merycoidodontidae : Merychyus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
order	Ungulata
order	Artiodactyla	Owen 1848
family	Merycoidodontidae	Cook 1912
subfamily	Merychyinae	Simpson 1945
genus	Merychyus	Leidy 1858

Scientific Name

Merychyus Leidy, 1858

Name Published In

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Merychyus	genus	belongs to Merycoidodontidae	stated without evidence	Leidy, 1858
Merychyus	genus	belongs to Oreodontidae	stated with evidence	Cope, 1884
Merychyus	genus	belongs to Oreodontidae	stated without evidence	Scott and Osborn, 1890
Merychyus	genus	belongs to Merycoidodontinae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Merychyus	genus	belongs to Merycoidodontidae	stated without evidence	Thorpe, 1937
Merychyus	genus	belongs to Merychyinae	stated with evidence	Schultz and Falkenbach, 1947
Merychyus	genus	belongs to Merycoidodontidae	stated without evidence	Lander, 1998
Merychyus	genus	belongs to Merychyinae	stated without evidence	Parris and Grandstaff, 2003
Merychyus	genus	belongs to Merychyinae	stated with evidence	Stevens and Stevens, 2007
Merychyus	genus	belongs to Ticholeptinae	stated without evidence	Morgan et al., 2009

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

30.8 - 20.4 Ma
Cenozoic

Last Recorded Appearance

13.6 - 5.3 Ma
Miocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Artiodactyla)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

herbivore (based on Merycoidodontidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. Leidy. 1858. Notice of Remains of Extinct Vertebrata, from the Valley of the Niobrara River, Collected during the Exploring Expedition of 1857, in Nebraska, under the Command of Lieut. G. K. Warren, U. S. Top. Eng., by Dr. F. V. Hayden, Geologist to the Expedition. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 10:15-89

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merychyus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Merychyus (Metoreodon) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)
Merychyus arenarum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		24	30.8 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Merychyus calaminthus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		15	30.8 Ma Oligocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Merychyus elegans ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		41	30.8 Ma Oligocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Merychyus minimus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		28	30.8 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Merychyus relictus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		21	20.4 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Merychyus siouxensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	24.8 Ma Oligocene	24.8 Ma Oligocene
Merychyus smithi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Merychyus verrucomalus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Metoreodon novomexicanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Metoreodon (Matthew & Cook, 1909)	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Merycoidodontidae : *Metoreodon*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1858	Merychyus Leidy
1884	Merychyus Cope p. 535
1890	Merychyus Scott and Osborn p. 72
1899	Merychyus euryops Cope
1902	Merychyus Hay p. 669
1937	Merychyus Thorpe p. 216

Year	Name and Author
1947	Merychyus Schultz and Falkenbach p. 171 figs. SF:igures 1-7, 13,14,15-17
1998	Merychyus Lander
2003	Merychyus Parris and Grandstaff p. 63
2007	Merychyus Stevens and Stevens p. 164
2009	Merychyus Morgan et al.
2011	Merychyus Lander and Lindsay p. 221

References

Leidy J. Notice of Remains of Extinct Vertebrata, from the Valley of the Niobrara River, Collected during the Exploring Expedition of 1857, in Nebraska, under the Command of Lieut. G. K. Warren, U. S. Top. Eng., by Dr. F. V. Hayden, Geologist to the Expedition, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 10, 15-89

Cope E. D. Synopsis of the species of Oreodontidae, Paleontological Bulletin 38, 503-572

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Thorpe M. R. (1937) The Merycoidodontidae, an extinct group of ruminant mammals, Peabody Museum of Natural History Memoir 3 4, 1-428

Schultz C. B., Falkenbach C. H. (1947) Merychyinae, a subfamily of oreodonts, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 88 4, 157-286

Lander B. (1998) Oreodontoidea, Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America, 402-425

Parris D. C., Grandstaff B. S. (2003) An oreodont of Miocene age from Slim Buttes, Harding County, South Dakota, Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science 82, 61-65

Stevens M. S., Stevens J. B. (2007) Family Merycoidodontidae, The Evolution of Artiodactyls, 157-168

Morgan G. S., Lander E. B., et al (2009) The oreodont Merychyus major major (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Oreodontidae) from the Miocene Popotosa Formation, Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, Socorro County, central New Mexico, New Mexico Geology 31 4, 91-103

Lander E. B., Lindsay E. H. (2011) Merychyus calaminthus (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Oreodontidae) of probable early late Arikareean (late Oligocene to late early Miocene) age from the lower part of the Chalk Canyon Formation, Maricopa and Yavapai counties, central Arizona, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 1, 215-226 doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.539645

GBIF/Paleo Database - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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