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Merycochoerus ✝

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Description

Merycochoerus is an extinct genus of oreodont of the family Merycoidodontidae, endemic to North America. They lived during the Early Oligocene 33.9—30.8 mya, existing for approximately 3 million years. Fossils are widespread through the western United States.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merycochoerus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4835265	https://www.gbif.org/species/4835265
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	42500	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42500

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Merycoidodontidae : Merycochoerus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Merycoidodontidae : Merycochoerus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
order	Ungulata
order	Artiodactyla	Owen 1848
family	Merycoidodontidae	Cook 1912
subfamily	Merycochoerinae	Schultz and Falkenbach 1940
genus	Merycochoerus	Leidy 1858

Scientific Name

Merycochoerus Leidy, 1858

Name Published In

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Merycochoerus	genus	belongs to Merycoidodontidae	stated without evidence	Leidy, 1858
Merycochoerus	genus	belongs to Oreodontidae	stated with evidence	Leidy, 1873
Merycochoerus	genus	belongs to Merycoidodontinae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Merycochoerus	genus	belongs to Merycoidodontidae	stated without evidence	Thorpe, 1937
Merycochoerus	genus	belongs to Merycochoerinae	stated with evidence	Schultz and Falkenbach, 1940
Merycochoerus	genus	belongs to Merycoidodontidae	stated without evidence	Lander, 1998
Merycochoerus	genus	belongs to Merycochoerinae	stated without evidence	Stevens and Stevens, 2007

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

30.8 - 26.3 Ma
Oligocene

Last Recorded Appearance

20.4 - 5.3 Ma
Miocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Artiodactyla)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

herbivore (based on Merycoidodontidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. Leidy. 1858. Notice of Remains of Extinct Vertebrata, from the Valley of the Niobrara River, Collected during the Exploring Expedition of 1857, in Nebraska, under the Command of Lieut. G. K. Warren, U. S. Top. Eng., by Dr. F. V. Hayden, Geologist to the Expedition. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 10:15-89

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merycochoerus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Merycochoerus chelydra ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	24.8 Ma Oligocene	24.8 Ma Oligocene
Merycochoerus magnus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	24.8 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Merycochoerus matthewi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	14	30.8 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Merycochoerus pinensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Merycochoerus proprius ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	23.0 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1858	Merycochoerus Leidy
1873	Merycochoerus Leidy p. 319
1884	Merycochoerus Cope p. 520
1901	Paracotylops Matthew
1901	Merycochoerus (Brachycrus) Matthew p. 397
1902	Merycochoerus Hay p. 667
1904	Brachycrus Palmer p. 141
1907	Pronomotherium Douglass
1919	Merycochoerus (Pronomotherium) Merriam p. 575
1937	Merycochoerus Thorpe p. 151

Year	Name and Author
1937	Pronomotherium Thorpe p. 160
1940	Brachycrus Schultz and Falkenbach p. 218
1940	Merycochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach p. 277
1945	Brachycrus Simpson p. 149
1968	Brachycrus Schultz and Falkenbach p. 366
1988	Brachycrus Kelly and Lander
1998	Brachycrus Lander
1998	Merycochoerus Lander
2007	Merycochoerus Stevens and Stevens p. 160
2007	Brachycrus Stevens and Stevens p. 164

References

Leidy J. Notice of Remains of Extinct Vertebrata, from the Valley of the Niobrara River, Collected during the Exploring Expedition of 1857, in Nebraska, under the Command of Lieut. G. K. Warren, U. S. Top. Eng., by Dr. F. V. Hayden, Geologist to the Expedition, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 10, 15-89

Leidy J. Part I. Contributions to the extinct vertebrate fauna of the western territories, Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories 1, 1-358

Cope E. D. Synopsis of the species of Oreodontidae, Paleontological Bulletin 38, 503-572

Matthew W. D. (1901) Fossil mammals of the Tertiary of northeastern Colorado: Ameican Museum collection of 1898, Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 1 7, 353-447

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Palmer T. S. (1904) Index generum mammalium: a list of the genera and families of mammals, North American Fauna 23, 1-984

Merriam J. C. (1919) Tertiary mammalian faunas of the Mohave desert, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology 11 5, 437-585

Thorpe M. R. (1937) The Merycoidodontidae, an extinct group of ruminant mammals, Peabody Museum of Natural History Memoir 3 4, 1-428

Schultz C. B., Falkenbach C. H. (1940) Merycochoerinae, a new subfamily of oreodonts, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 77 5, 213-306

Simpson G. G. (1945) The principles of classification and a classification of mammals, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 85, 1-350

Schultz C. B., Falkenbach C. H. (1968) The Phylogeny of the Oreodonts. Part 1: Merycoidodontinae, Eporeodontinae, and Leptaucheniinae, Three Subfamilies Of Oreodonts, With an Appendix to the Revision Of The Merycoidodontidae, and Part 2. Summary and Conclusions Concerning the Merycoidodontidae, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 139, 1-498

Kelly T. S., Lander E. B. (1988) Biostratigraphy and Correlation of Hemingfordian and Barstovian Land Mammal Assemblages, Caliente Formation, Cuyama Valley Area, California, Tertiary Tectonics and Sedimentation in the Cuyama Basin, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, and Ventura Counties, California, 1-19

Lander B. (1998) Oreodontoidea, Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America, 402-425

Stevens M. S., Stevens J. B. (2007) Family Merycoidodontidae, The Evolution of Artiodactyls, 157-168

GBIF/Paleo Database - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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