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Cephalogale ✝

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Description

Cephalogale is an extinct genus of hemicyonine bear which lived in the Oligocene and Early Miocene epochs in North America and Europe. It lived from around 28.4—20.0 Mya. Before it was reconsidered to be close to the ancestry of hemicyonines, Cephalogale was once considered to be an ancestor of all bears.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalogale, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4833892	https://www.gbif.org/species/4833892
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	41310	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=41310

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hemicyonidae : Cephalogale

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Ursidae : Cephalogale

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Laurasiatheria	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Scrotifera	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Ferae	Linnaeus 1758
-	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
-	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora	Bowditch 1821
superfamily	Arctoidea	Flower 1869
-	Ursida	Tedford 1976
superfamily	Ursoidea	Fischer de Waldheim 1817
family	Ursidae	Gray 1825
subfamily	Hemicyoninae	Frick 1926
tribe	Cephalogalini	de Bonis 2013
genus	Cephalogale	Jourdan 1862

Scientific Name

Cephalogale Jourdan, 1862

Name Published In

Rev. Soc. sav. Sci. Math., Paris, (1) 1, 126 (as Cephalogalus p. 129).

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Cephalogale	genus	belongs to Ursidae	stated without evidence	Jourdan, 1862
Cephalogale	genus	belongs to Ursidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Cephalogale	genus	belongs to Hemicyoninae	stated with evidence	Hunt, 1998
Cephalogale	genus	belongs to Ursoidea	stated without evidence	Wang et al., 2005
Cephalogale	genus	belongs to Cephalogalini	stated with evidence	de Bonis, 2013

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene

Last Recorded Appearance

20.4 - 16.0 Ma
Miocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

herbivore, carnivore (based on Ursidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals.

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalogale

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Cephalogale geoffroyi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cephalogale meschethense ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	28.4 Ma Oligocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Cephalogale minor ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Ginsburgocyon Baryshnikov, 2007	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hemicyonidae : *Ginsburgocyon*
Cephalogalus Jourdan, 1862	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hemicyonidae : *Cephalogalus*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1862	Cephalogale Jourdan
1988	Cephalogale Carroll
1998	Cephalogale Hunt, Jr. p. 180
2005	Cephalogale Wang et al. p. 39
2013	Cephalogale de Bonis

References

Alroy J. (2002) Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Hunt, Jr. R. M. (1998) Ursidae, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1, 174-195

Wang X., McKenna M. C., et al (2005) Amphicticeps and Amphicynodon (Arctoidea, Carnivora) from Hsanda Gol Formation, Central Mongolia and phylogeny of basal arctoids with comments on zoogeography, American Museum Novitates 3483, 1-57

de Bonis L. (2013) Ursidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Late Oligocene of the “Phosphorites du Quercy” (France) and a reappraisal of the genus Cephalogale Geoffroy, 1862, Geodiversitas 35 4, 787-814

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Rev. Soc. sav. Sci. Math., Paris, (1) 1, 126 (as Cephalogalus p. 129). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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