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Viverravus ✝

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Description

Viverravus is an extinct genus of Viverravidae. It was named by Marsh in 1872, who described the type species, Viverravus gracilis.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viverravus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4833696	https://www.gbif.org/species/4833696
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	40995	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40995

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Viverravidae : Viverravus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Viverravidae : Viverravus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Laurasiatheria	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Scrotifera	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Ferae	Linnaeus 1758
-	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
family	Viverravidae	Wortman and Matthew 1899
genus	Viverravus	Marsh 1872

Scientific Name

Viverravus Marsh, 1872

Name Published In

American Journal of Science, (3)4: 127

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Viverravus	genus	belongs to Viverravidae	stated with evidence	Marsh, 1872
Viverravus	genus	belongs to Miacidae	stated with evidence	Scott, 1892
Viverravus	genus	belongs to Viverravidae	stated with evidence	Wortman and Matthew, 1899
Viverravus	genus	belongs to Viverravidae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Viverravus	genus	belongs to Viverravidae	stated with evidence	Simpson, 1937
Viverravus	genus	belongs to Viverravidae	stated without evidence	Gingerich, 1987
Viverravus	genus	belongs to Viverravidae	stated with evidence	Wesley-Hunt and Werdelin, 2005
Viverravus	genus	belongs to Viverravidae	stated without evidence	Rose et al., 2012
Viverravus	genus	belongs to Viverravidae	stated with evidence	Solé et al., 2014

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

61.7 - 56.8 Ma
Paleocene

Last Recorded Appearance

46.2 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

carnivore (based on Viverravidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

O. C. Marsh. 1872. Preliminary description of new Tertiary mammals. Part I. American Journal of Science 4(20):122-128

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viverravus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Protictis laytoni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	11	61.7 Ma Paleocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Protictis schaffi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	61.7 Ma Paleocene	58.7 Ma Paleocene
Viverravus acutus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	115	56.8 Ma Paleocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Viverravus gracilis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	43	55.8 Ma Eocene	46.2 Ma Eocene
Viverravus lawsoni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Viverravus lutosus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	13	55.8 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Viverravus minutus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	15	55.8 Ma Eocene	46.2 Ma Eocene
Viverravus nitidus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Viverravus politus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	47	61.7 Ma Paleocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Viverravus rosei ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	13	58.7 Ma Paleocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Viverravus sicarius ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	50.3 Ma Eocene	46.2 Ma Eocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1872	Viverravus Marsh
1872	Ziphacodon Marsh
1872	Viverravus Marsh p. 127
1872	Ziphacodon Marsh p. 216
1892	Viverravus Scott p. 321
1899	Viverravus Wortman and Matthew p. 136
1902	Viverravus Hay p. 754
1902	Ziphacodon Hay p. 761
1937	Viverravus Simpson

Year	Name and Author
1982	Viverravus Flynn and Galiano p. 39
1987	Viverravus Gingerich p. 312
1997	Viverravus Polly
1998	Viverravus Flynn
2005	Viverravus Wesley-Hunt and Werdelin p. 842
2006	Viverravus Polly et al. p. 1023
2011	Viverravus Tomiya p. 16
2012	Viverravus Rose et al.
2014	Viverravus Solé et al.

References

Marsh O. C. Preliminary description of new Tertiary mammals. Part I, American Journal of Science 4 20, 122-128 doi:10.2475/ajs.s3-4.20.122

Marsh O. C. Preliminary description of new Tertiary mammals. Part II, American Journal of Science 4 21, 202-224 doi:10.2475/ajs.s3-4.21.202

Scott W. B. A revision of the North American Creodonta with notes on some genera which have been referred to that group, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 44, 291-323

Wortman J. L., Matthew W. D. The ancestry of certain members of the Canidae, the Viverridae, and Procyonidae, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 12 6, 109-138

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Simpson G. G. (1937) The Fort Union of the Crazy Mountain field, Montana and its mammalian faunas, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 169, 1-287

Flynn J. J., Galiano H. (1982) Phylogeny of early Tertiary Carnivora, with a description of a new species of Protictis from the middle Eocene of northwestern Wyoming, American Museum Novitates 2725, 1-64

Gingerich P. D. (1987) Early Eocene bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) and other vertebrates in freshwater limestones of the Willlwood Formation, Clark's Fork Basin, Wyoming, Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 27 11, 275-320

Polly P. D. (1997) Ancestry and Species Definition in Paleontology: A Stratocladistic Analysis of Paleocene-Eocene Viverravidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from Wyoming, Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 30 1, 1-53

Flynn J. J. (1998) Early Cenozoic Carnivora ("Miacoidea"), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1, 110-123

Wesley-Hunt G. D., Werdelin L. (2005) Basicranial morphology and phylogenetic position of the upper Eocene carnivoramorphan Quercygale, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 4, 837-846

Polly P. D., Wesley-Hunt G. D., et al (2006) Earliest known carnivoran auditory bulla and support for a recent origin of crown-group Carnivora (Eutheria, Mammalia), Palaeontology 49 5, 1019-1027

Tomiya S. (2011) A new basal caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the middle Eocene of North America and remarks on the phylogeny of early carnivorans, PLoS ONE 6 9, e24146 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024146

Rose K. D., Chew A. E., et al (2012) Earliest Eocene mammalian fauna from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum at Sand Creek Divide, southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 36, 1-122

Solé F., Smith R., et al (2014) Dental and tarsal anatomy of 'Miacis' latouri and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 1, 1-21

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 1517 Viverravus gracilis Marsh, 1872 (Mammalia, Carnivora): generic and specific names conserved.Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 45, 248 (1988) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

Amer. J. Sci., (3) 4 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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