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Stephanorhinus

Description

Stephanorhinus is an extinct genus of rhinoceros native to northern Eurasia that lived during the Lower to Early Late Pleistocene epoch. It had two horns and was a relatively large rhino. It weighed over 3,000 kg (6,600 lbs) and measured about 2.00 metres (6.56 ft) tall and 4.00 metres (13.12 ft) in length, having a size similar to a white rhino.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4830625https://www.gbif.org/species/4830625
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)43224https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=43224
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Stephanorhinus
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Stephanorhinus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
orderPerissodactyla
-Tapiromorpha
-Ceratomorpha
superfamilyRhinocerotoideaGray 1821
familyRhinocerotidaeGray 1821
subfamilyRhinocerotinaeGray 1821
tribeRhinocerotini
genusStephanorhinusKretzoi 1942
Scientific NameStephanorhinus Kretzoi, 1942
Name Published InFöldt. Közl., Budapest, 72
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Stephanorhinusgenusbelongs to RhinocerotidaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Stephanorhinusgenusbelongs to Dicerorhininastated without evidenceProthero and Schoch, 1989
Stephanorhinusgenusbelongs to Rhinocerotidaestated without evidenceCapasso Barbato and Gliozzi, 1995
Stephanorhinusgenusbelongs to Rhinocerotinistated with evidenceAntoine and Saraç, 2005
Stephanorhinusgenusbelongs to Dicerorhininistated without evidenceSymeonidis et al., 2006
Stephanorhinusgenusbelongs to Rhinocerotinistated with evidenceDeng et al., 2011
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)5
First Recorded Appearance16.0 - 7.8 Ma
Miocene
Last Recorded Appearance0.13 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietbrowser (based on Rhinocerotidae)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanorhinus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Rhinoceros hundsheimensis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Dicerorhinus etruscus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1175.33 Ma
Miocene
0.78 Ma
Pleistocene
Dicerorhinus hemitoechus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
182.59 Ma
Pleistocene
0.13 Ma
Pleistocene
Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis
species
listed (PBDB)142.59 Ma
Pleistocene
0.78 Ma
Pleistocene
Stephanorhinus pikermiensis
species
listed (PBDB)17.75 Ma
Miocene
7.75 Ma
Miocene

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1942Stephanorhinus Kretzoi p. 348
1988Stephanorhinus Carroll
1989Stephanorhinus Prothero and Schoch p. 536
1995Stephanorhinus Capasso Barbato and Gliozzi p. 246
2005Stephanorhinus Antoine and Saraç p. 615
2006Stephanorhinus Symeonidis et al.
2011Stephanorhinus Deng et al. p. 1287
YearName and Author
1942Stephanorhinus Kretzoi p. 348
1988Stephanorhinus Carroll
1989Stephanorhinus Prothero and Schoch p. 536
1995Stephanorhinus Capasso Barbato and Gliozzi p. 246
2005Stephanorhinus Antoine and Saraç p. 615
2006Stephanorhinus Symeonidis et al.
2011Stephanorhinus Deng et al. p. 1287

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Prothero D. R., Schoch R. M. (1989) Classification of the Perissodactyla, The Evolution of Perissodactyla, 530-537
Capasso Barbato L., Gliozzi E. (1995) Biochronological and palaeogeographical implications of a well-balanced late Middle Pleistocene fauna from Quisiana-Certosa (Capri, Southern Italy), Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 34 2, 235-261
Antoine P.-O., Saraç G. (2005) Rhinocerotidae from the late Miocene of Akkasdagi, Turkey, Geodiversitas 27 4, 601-632
Symeonidis N., Giaourtsakis I., et al (2006) Aivaliki, a New Locality with Fossil Rhinoceroses near Alistrati (Serres, Greece) , Beiträge zur Paläontologie 30, 437-451
Deng T., Wang X., et al (2011) Out of Tibet: Pliocene woolly rhino suggests high-plateau origin of Ice Age megaherbivores, Science 333, 1285-1288 doi:10.1126/science.1206594
GBIF/Paleo Database - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Földt. Közl., Budapest, 72 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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