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Astrapotheriidae ✝

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Description

Astrapotheriidae is an extinct family of herbivorous South American land mammals that lived from the Late Eocene (Mustersan SALMA) to the Middle Miocene (Laventan SALMA) 37.8 to 15.97 million years ago. The most derived of the astrapotherians, they were also the largest and most specialized mammals in the Tertiary of South America. There are two sister taxa: Eoastrapostylopidae and Trigonostylopidae.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrapotheriidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4825525	https://www.gbif.org/species/4825525
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	43459	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=43459

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Astrapotheriidae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Astrapotheria : Astrapotheriidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
order	Ungulata
-	Meridiungulata	McKenna 1975
order	Astrapotheria	Lydekker 1894
family	Astrapotheriidae	Ameghino 1887

Scientific Name

Astrapotheriidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Astrapotheriidae	family	belongs to Taligrada	stated with evidence	Ameghino, 1891
Astrapotheriidae	family	belongs to Astrapotheria	stated without evidence	Lydekker, 1894
Astrapotheriidae	family	belongs to Astrapotheroidea	stated without evidence	Ameghino, 1894
Astrapotheriidae	family	belongs to Astrapotheroidea	stated with evidence	Ameghino, 1897
Astrapotheriidae	family	belongs to Astrapotheria	stated without evidence	Gregory, 1910
Astrapotheriidae	family	belongs to Astrapotheria	implied	Carroll, 1988
Astrapotheriidae	family	belongs to Astrapotheria	stated with evidence	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Astrapotheriidae	family	belongs to Astrapotheria	stated without evidence	Kramarz and Bond, 2009
Astrapotheriidae	family	belongs to Astrapotheria	stated with evidence	Kramarz and Bond, 2010

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene

Last Recorded Appearance

11.6 - 5.3 Ma
Miocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

herbivore (based on Astrapotheria)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

D. E. Savage. 1951. Report on Fossil Vertebrates from the Upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia. Science 114(2955):186-187

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrapotheriidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Astrapotheriinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		2	29.0 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Uruguaytheriinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		34	29.0 Ma Oligocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Albertogaudrya ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		19	56.0 Ma Paleocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Astrapodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Astraponotus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	48.6 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Astrapothericulus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	23.0 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Astrapotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		27	29.0 Ma Oligocene	13.8 Ma Miocene
Comahuetherium ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Ganastrapotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Granastrapotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		27	16.3 Ma Miocene	13.8 Ma Miocene
Grypolophodon genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Liarthrus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	29.0 Ma Oligocene	29.0 Ma Oligocene
Maddenia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Monoeidodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Parastrapotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	29.0 Ma Oligocene	21.0 Ma Miocene
Scaglia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Tonorhinus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Uruguaytherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	29.0 Ma Oligocene	29.0 Ma Oligocene
Xenastrapotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		23	23.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Astrapotheridae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Astrapotheridae

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1887	Astrapotheriidae Ameghino p. 19
1891	Astrapotheridae Ameghino p. 12
1894	Astrapotheridae Ameghino p. 48
1894	Astrapotheriidae Lydekker p. 47
1897	Astrapotheriidae Ameghino p. 448
1910	Astrapotheriidae Gregory p. 466

Year	Name and Author
1957	Astrapotheriidae Simpson
1967	Astrapotheriidae Simpson
1988	Astrapotheriidae Carroll
1997	Astrapotheriidae McKenna and Bell
2009	Astrapotheriidae Kramarz and Bond
2010	Astrapotheriidae Kramarz and Bond

References

Savage D. E. (1951) Report on Fossil Vertebrates from the Upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia, Science 114 2955, 186-187

Ameghino F. Nuevos restos de mamíferos fósiles descubiertos por Carlos Ameghino en el Eoceno inferior de la Patagonia austral. – Especies nuevas, adiciones y correcciones [New remains of fossil mammals discovered by Carlos Ameghino in the lower Eocene of southern Patagonia. – New species, additions, and corrections], Revista Argentina de Historia Natural 1, 289-328

Ameghino F. Enumeration synoptique des especes de mammifères fossiles des formations éocènes de Patagonie, Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en Cordoba (Republica Argentina) 13, 259-452

Lydekker R. Contributions to a knowledge of the Fossil Vertebrates of Argentina. III - A study of extinct argentine ungulates, Anales del Museo de La Plata. Paleontología Argentina 2 3, 1-86

Ameghino F. Mammiféres crétacés de l’Argentine (Deuxième contribution à la connaissance de la fauna mammalogique de couches à Pyrotherium) [Cretaceous mammals of Argentina (second contribution to the knowledge of the mammalian fauna of the Pyrotherium Beds)], Boletin Instituto Geografico Argentino 18 4–9, 406-521

Gregory W. K. (1910) The orders of mammals, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 27, 1-524

Simpson G. G. (1957) A new Casamayoran astrapothere, Revista del Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales y Tradicional de Mar del Plata 1 3, 11-18

Simpson G. G. (1967) The beginning of the age of mammals in South America. Part II., Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 137, 1-260

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Kramarz A. G., Bond M. (2009) A new Oligocene astrapothere (Mammalia, Meridiungulata) from Patagonia and a new appraisal of astrapothere phylogeny, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 7 1, 117-128 doi:10.1017/S147720190800268X

Kramarz A. G., Bond M. (2010) Colhuehuapian Astrapotheriidae (Mammalia) from Gran Barranca south of Lake Colhue Huapi, The Paleontology of Gran Barranca: Evolution and Environmental Change through the Middle Cenozoic of Patagonia, 182-192

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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