| Description | Bactrosaurus (meaning "Club lizard," "baktron" = club + sauros = lizard) is a genus of herbivorous dinosaur that lived in east China during the late Cretaceous, about 70 mya, though some Bactrosaurus fossils have been dated back to 90 mya. The position Bactrosaurus occupies in the Cretaceous makes it one of the earliest known hadrosauroids, and although it is not known from a full skeleton, Bactrosaurus is one of the best known of these forms of hadrosaurs predecessors.
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| Source Data | |
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| Rank | genus |
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| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Bactrosaurus |
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| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Bactrosaurus |
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| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted |
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Classification
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| Scientific Name | Bactrosaurus Gilmore, 1933 |
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| Name Published In | Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 67 |
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| Opinions (PBDB) | | Name | Rank | Opinion | Evidence | Author |
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| Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Lambeosaurinae | stated with evidence | Gilmore, 1933 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Lambeosaurinae | stated without evidence | Riabinin, 1937 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Lambeosaurinae | stated with evidence | Riabinin, 1939 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Hadrosauridae | implied | Romer, 1956 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Ornithopoda | stated without evidence | Huene, 1958 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Saurolophidae | stated without evidence | Huene, 1959 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Hadrosauridae | stated without evidence | Kuhn, 1964 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Hadrosaurinae | stated with evidence | Tatarinov, 1964 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Hadrosauridae | stated without evidence | Rozhdestvensky, 1965 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Hadrosauridae | implied | Romer, 1966 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Hadrosaurinae | stated without evidence | Rozhdestvensky, 1968 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Hadrosauridae | stated without evidence | Thulborn, 1974 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Lambeosaurinae | stated without evidence | Brett-Surman, 1979 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Hadrosauridae | stated without evidence | Milner and Norman, 1984 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Lambeosaurinae | stated without evidence | Brinkmann, 1984 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Hadrosauridae | implied | Carroll, 1988 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Lambeosaurinae | stated with evidence | Weishampel and Horner, 1990 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Lambeosaurinae | stated without evidence | Chapman and Brett-Surman, 1990 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Hadrosauridae | stated without evidence | Weishampel et al., 1991 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Lambeosaurinae | stated without evidence | Dong, 1992 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Hadrosauroidea | stated without evidence | Godefroit et al., 1998 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Hadrosauridae | stated with evidence | Horner et al., 2004 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Hadrosauroidea | stated without evidence | Godefroit et al., 2004 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Hadrosauridae | stated without evidence | Gilpin et al., 2007 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Hadrosauroidea | stated without evidence | Godefroit et al., 2008 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Hadrosauroidea | stated with evidence | Pereda-Suberbiola et al., 2009 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Hadrosauromorpha | stated with evidence | Norman, 2014 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Hadrosauroidea | stated without evidence | Tan et al., 2015 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Hadrosauroidea | stated with evidence | Cruzado-Caballero and Powell, 2017 | | Bactrosaurus | genus | belongs to Hadrosauroidea | stated without evidence | Takasaki et al., 2019 |
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| Status (PBDB) | extinct |
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| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 2 |
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| First Recorded Appearance | 101 - 84 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous |
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| Last Recorded Appearance | 83.5 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous |
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| Environment | terrestrial (based on Ornithischia) |
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| Motility | actively mobile (based on Ornithischia) |
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| Diet | herbivore (based on Ornithopoda) |
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| Reproduction | oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Ornithischia) |
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| Ontogeny | accretion,modification of parts (based on Ornithischia) |
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| Taphonomy | hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Ornithischia) |
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| Primary Reference (PBDB) | C. W. Gilmore. 1933. On the dinosaurian fauna of the Iren Dabasu Formation. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 68(2-3):23-78 |
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| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactrosaurus |
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| Gilmore C. W. (1933) On the dinosaurian fauna of the Iren Dabasu Formation, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 68 2-3, 23-78 |
| Riabinin A. N. (1937) O nakhodke shlemonosnykh form Dinosauria verkhnemelovykh otlozheniyakh yuzhnogo Kazakhstana [The discovery of crested forms of Upper Cretaceous dinosaurs in southern Kazakhstan], Priroda 1937 9, 91 |
| Riabinin A. N. (1938) Some results of the studies of the Upper Cretaceous dinosaurian fauna from the vicinity of the station Sary-Agach, South Kazakhstan, Problems of Paleontology 4, 125-135 |
| Riabinin A. N. (1939) Fauna pozvonochnykh iz verkhnego Mela yuzhnogo Kazakhstana. I. Reptilia. Chast’ 1. 1. Ornithischia [The Upper Cretaceous vertebrate fauna of southern Kazakhstan. 1. Reptilia. Part 1. 1. Ornithischia], Trudy Tsentral'nogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Geologo-Razvedochnogo Instituta 118, 1-40 |
| Yuryev K. B. (1954) Kratkiy obzor nakhodok dinozavrov na territorii SSSR [A brief reivew of dinosaur finds in the USSR], Uchenyye Zapiski, Leningradskogo Ordena Lenina Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Seriya Biologicheskikh Nauk 181 38, 183-197 |
| Romer A. S. (1956) , Osteology of the Reptiles, University of Chicago Press, 1-772 |
| Young C.-C. (1958) The dinosaurian remains of Laiyang, Shantung, Palaeontologia Sinica, New Series C, Whole Number 42 16, 1-138 |
| Tatarinov L. P. (1964) Nadotryad Dinosauria. Dinozavry [Superorder Dinosauria. Dinosaurs], Osnovy Paleontologii [Fundamentals of Paleontology] 12, 523-589 |
| Rozhdestvensky A. K. (1965) Vosractnay ismenchivosty i nekotorie voprosi sistematiki dinosavrov Asii [Growth changes in Asian dinosaurs and some problems of their taxonomy], Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal 1965 3, 95-109 |
| Romer A. S. (1966) , Vertebrate Paleontology, 3rd edition, 1-468 |
| Rozhdestvensky A. K. (1968) Gadrozavry Kazakhstana [Hadrosaurs of Kazakhstan], [Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic Amphibians and Reptiles]. Akademia Naul SSSR, Moscow, 97-141 |
| Thulborn R. A. (1974) A new heterodontosaurid dinosaur (Reptilia: Ornithischia) from the Upper Triassic red beds of Lesotho, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 55, 151-175 |
| Rozhdestvensky A. K. (1977) The study of dinosaurs in Asia, Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 20, 102-119 |
| Brett-Surman M . K. (1979) Phylogeny and palaeobiogeography of hadrosaurian dinosaurs, Nature 277, 560-562 |
| Weishampel D. B., Weishampel J. B. (1983) Annotated localities of ornithopod dinosaurs: implications to Mesozoic paleobiogeography, The Mosasaur 1, 43-87 |
| Brinkmann W. (1984) Erster Nachweis eines Hadrosauriers (Ornithischia) aus dem unteren Garumnium (Maastrichtium) des Beckens von Tremp (Provinz Lérida, Spanien) [First proof of hadrosaurs (Ornithischia) from the lower Garumnian (Maastrichtian) of the Tremp basin (Lérida province, Spain)], Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 58 3/4, 295-305 |
| Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698 |
| Chapman R., Brett-Surman M. K. (1990) Morphometric observations on hadrosaurid ornithopods, In K. Carpenter and P. J. Currie (eds.), Dinosaur Systematics: Perspectives and Approaches, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 163-177 |
| Weishampel D. B., Grigorescu D., et al (1991) The dinosaurs of Transylvania, National Geographic Research & Exploration 7 2, 196-215 |
| Dong Z. (1992) Dinosaurian Faunas of China, China Ocean Press, Beijing, 1-188 |
| Nessov L. A. (1995) Dinozavri severnoi Yevrazii: Novye dannye o sostave kompleksov, ekologii i paleobiogeografii [Dinosaurs of northern Eurasia: new data about assemblages, ecology, and paleobiogeography], Institute for Scientific Research on the Earth's Crust, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 1-156 |
| Ryan M. J. (1997) Middle Asian dinosaurs, Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs, 442-444 |
| Godefroit P., Dong Z.-M., et al (1998) New Bactrosaurus (Dinosauria: Hadrosauroidea) material from Iren Dabasu (Inner Mongolia, P. R. China), Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre 68 supplement, 3-70 |
| You H., Ji Q., et al (2003) A new hadrosauroid dinosaur from the mid-Cretaceous of Liaoning, China, Acta Geologica Sinica 77 2, 148-154 |
| You H.-L., Luo Z.-X., et al (2003) The earliest-known duck-billed dinosaur from deposits of late Early Cretaceous age in northwest China and hadrosaur evolution, Cretaceous Research 24, 348-355 |
| Horner J. R., Weishampel D. B., et al (2004) Hadrosauridae, The Dinosauria (2nd edition). University of California Press, Berkeley, 438-463 |
| Norman D. B. (2004) Basal Iguanodontia, The Dinosauria (2nd edition). University of California Press, Berkeley, 413-437 |
| Prieto-Márques A., Gaete R., et al (2006) Hadrosauroid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Spain: Pararhabdodon isonensis revisited and Koutalisaurus kohlerorum, gen. et. sp. nov., Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 4, 929-943 |
| Gilpin D., DiCroce T., et al (2007) A possible new basal hadrosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of eastern Utah, Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs, 79-89 |
| Godefroit P., Hai S., et al (2008) New hadrosaurid dinosaurs from the uppermost Cretaceous of northeastern China, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53 1, 47-74 |
| Pereda-Suberbiola X., Canudo J. I., et al (2009) The last hadrosaurid dinosaurs of Europe: a new lambeosaurine from the uppermost Cretaceous of Aren (Huesca, Spain), Comptes Rendus Palevol 8, 559-572 doi:10.1016/j.crpv.20009.05.002 |
| Sues H.-D., Averianov A. (2009) A new basal hadrosauroid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan and the early radiation of duck-billed dinosaurs, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276 1667, 2549-2555 doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0229 |
| McDonald A. T., Kirkland J. I., et al (2010) New basal iguanodonts from the Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah and the evolution of thumb-spiked dinosaurs, PLoS One 5 11, e14075:1-35 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014075 |
| McDonald A. T., Wolfe D. G., et al (2010) A new basal hadrosauroid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Turonian of New Mexico, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 3, 799-812 |
| Prieto-Márquez A. (2010) Glishades ericksoni, a new hadrosauroid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Late Cretaceous of North America, Zootaxa 2452, 1-17 |
| Wang X., Pan R., et al (2011) The postcranial skeleton of the iguanodontian ornithopod Jinzhousaurus yangi from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China, Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 101, 135-159 doi:10.1017/S1755691010009266 |
| McDonald A. T. (2012) Phylogeny of basal iguanodonts (Dinosauria: Ornithischia): an update, PLoS ONE 7 5, e36745:1-5 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036745 |
| Ramírez-Velasco A. A., Benammi M., et al (2012) Huehuecanauhtlus tiquichensis, a new hadrosauroid dinosaur (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Santonian (Late Cretaceous) of Michoacán, Mexico, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 49, 379-395 doi:10.1139/E11-062 |
| Norman D. B. (2014) Iguanodonts from the Wealden of England: do they contribute to the discussion concerning hadrosaur origins?, Hadrosaurs, 10-43 |
| Tan Q.-W., Xing H., et al (2015) New hadrosauroid material from the Upper Cretaceous Majiacun Formation of Hubei Province, central China, Vertebrata PalAsiatica 53 3, 245-264 |
| Xu S.-C., You H.-L., et al (2016) A new hadrosauroid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Tianzhen, Shanxi Province, China, Vertebrata PalAsiatica 54 1, 67-78 |
| Cruzado-Caballero P., Powell J. E. (2017) Bonapartesaurus rionegrensis, a new hadrosaurine dinosaur from South America: implications for phylogenetic and biogeographic relations with North America, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37 2, e1289381:1-16 doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1289381 |
| Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 67 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
Bactrosaurus ✝
