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Parasaniwa ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4820734	https://www.gbif.org/species/4820734
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	38028	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38028

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Varanidae : Parasaniwa

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Parasaniwa

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Lepidosauromorpha
superorder	Lepidosauria
order	Squamata	Oppel 1811
-	Episquamata	Pyron et al. 2013
-	Toxicofera	Vidal and Hedges 2005
suborder	Anguimorpha	Fürbringer 1900
-	Anguiformes	Conrad 2006
infraorder	Platynota	Baur 1890
genus	Parasaniwa	Gilmore 1928

Scientific Name

Parasaniwa Gilmore, 1928

Name Published In

Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. Washington, 22 (3), 85

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Parasaniwa	genus	belongs to Varanidae	stated without evidence	Gilmore, 1928
Parasaniwa	genus	belongs to Saniwinae	stated with evidence	McDowell and Bogert, 1954
Parasaniwa	genus	belongs to Varanidae	stated without evidence	Hecht, 1959
Parasaniwa	genus	belongs to Parasaniwidae	stated with evidence	Estes, 1964
Parasaniwa	genus	belongs to Parasaniwidae	stated without evidence	Estes and Berberian, 1970
Parasaniwa	genus	belongs to Necrosauridae	stated with evidence	Estes, 1983
Parasaniwa	genus	belongs to Necrosauridae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Parasaniwa	genus	belongs to Necrosauridae	stated with evidence	Gao and Fox, 1996
Parasaniwa	genus	belongs to Platynota	stated with evidence	Conrad, 2006

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Last Recorded Appearance

70.6 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

carnivore

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

C. W. Gilmore. 1928. Fossil lizards of North America. Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 22(3):1-201

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Parasaniwa cynochoros ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parasaniwa wyomingensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		20	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1928	Parasaniwa Gilmore p. 85
1954	Parasaniwa McDowell and Bogert p. 132
1959	Parasaniwa Hecht p. 135
1964	Parasaniwa Estes p. 129
1970	Parasaniwa Estes and Berberian p. 5
1983	Parasaniwa Estes

Year	Name and Author
1988	Parasaniwa Carroll
1989	Parasaniwa Bryant p. 47
1996	Parasaniwa Gao and Fox p. 76
2006	Parasaniwa Conrad p. 122
2012	Parasaniwa Longrich et al.

References

Gilmore C. W. (1928) Fossil lizards of North America, Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 22 3, 1-201

McDowell S. B., Bogert C. M. (1954) The systematic postition of Lanthanotus and the affinities of the anguinomorphan lizards, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 105 1, 1-142

Hecht M. K. (1959) Amphibians and Reptiles (in: The Geology and Paleontology of the Elk Mountain and Tabernacle Butte area, Wyoming), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 117 3, 130-176

Estes R. (1964) Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation, eastern Wyoming, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 49, 1-187

Estes R., Berberian P. (1970) Paleoecology of a Late Cretaceous vertebrate community from Montana, Breviora 343, 1-35

Estes R. (1983) Sauria terrestria, Amphisbaenia, Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie 10A, 1-249

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Bryant L. J. (1989) Non-dinosaurian lower vertebrates across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in northeastern Montana, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 134, 1-107

Gao K. -Q., Fox R. C. (1996) Taxonomy and evolution of Late Cretaceous lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from western Canada, Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of natural History 33, 1-107

Conrad J. L. (2006) An Eocene shinisaurid (Reptilia, Squamata) from Wyoming, U.S.A., Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 1, 113-126

Longrich N. R., Bhullar B.-A. S., et al (2012) Mass extinction of lizards and snakes at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 52, 21396-21401 doi:10.1073/pnas.1211526110

Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. Washington, 22 (3), 85 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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