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Zacanthoides ✝
| Description | Zacanthoides is an extinct Cambrian genus of corynexochid trilobite. It was a nektobenthic predatory carnivore. Its remains have been found in Canada (British Columbia, especially in the Burgess Shale, and Newfoundland), Greenland, Mexico, and the United States (Alaska, Nevada, Utah, Vermont, and Idaho for which Z. idahoensis is named). Its major characteristics are a slender exoskeleton with 9 thoracic segments, pleurae with long spines, additional spines on the axial rings, and a pygidium that is considerably smaller than its cephalon. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacanthoides, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | genus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Corynexochida : Zacanthoididae : Zacanthoides | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Scientific Name | Zacanthoides Walcott, 1888 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name Published In | Amer. J. Sci., (3) 36, 161 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extinct | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 516 - 513 Ma Cambrian | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Last Recorded Appearance | 501 - 485 Ma Cambrian | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environment | marine (based on Trilobita) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | actively mobile (based on Corynexochida) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vision | well-developed (based on Zacanthoididae) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diet | carnivore (based on Corynexochida) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ontogeny | molting,addition of parts (based on Trilobita) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | major spines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacanthoides |
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
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| Zacanthoides abbreviatus ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 513 Ma Cambrian | 513 Ma Cambrian | |
| Zacanthoides adjunctus ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 513 Ma Cambrian | 513 Ma Cambrian | |
| Zacanthoides cimon species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zacanthoides cnopus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zacanthoides demissus ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 513 Ma Cambrian | 513 Ma Cambrian | |
| Zacanthoides divergens species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zacanthoides eatoni ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Zacanthoides gradatus ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 513 Ma Cambrian | 513 Ma Cambrian | |
| Zacanthoides holopygous ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 513 Ma Cambrian | 513 Ma Cambrian | |
| Zacanthoides holopygus ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 513 Ma Cambrian | 513 Ma Cambrian | |
| Zacanthoides idahoensis ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 513 Ma Cambrian | 513 Ma Cambrian | |
| Zacanthoides kelsayae ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 513 Ma Cambrian | 513 Ma Cambrian | |
| Zacanthoides longipygus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zacanthoides nitidus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zacanthoides orientalis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zacanthoides planifrons species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zacanthoides romingeri species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zacanthoides sampsoni ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 513 Ma Cambrian | 513 Ma Cambrian | |
| Zacanthoides serratus ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 513 Ma Cambrian | 513 Ma Cambrian | |
| Zacanthoides sexdentatus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zacanthoides submuticus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zacanthoides typicalis ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 516 Ma Cambrian | 516 Ma Cambrian | |
| Zacanthoides undiscus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zacanthoides variacantha ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 513 Ma Cambrian | 513 Ma Cambrian | |
| Zacanthoides walapai species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zacanthoides weedi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
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| 1888 | Zacanthoides Walcott |
| 1908 | Zacanthoides Walcott p. 23 |
| 1935 | Zacanthoides Mason p. 115 |
| 1979 | Zacanthoides Palmer and Halley p. 96 |
| 1998 | Zacanthoides Eddy and McCollum p. 877 |
| 2002 | Zacanthoides Jell and Adrain p. 463 |
| 2002 | Zacanthoides Sepkoski, Jr. |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
Half Moon mine, Pioche Mining District, Lincoln County, Nevada, USA