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Spyroceratidae ✝
| Description | Spyroceratidae are defined as Pseudorthocerida with uniformly slender siphuncle segments, longer than wide, that contract sharply near either end, in which endosiphuncular deposits first form a compete annulus before fusing ventrally. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyroceratidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | family | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Spyroceratidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Pseudorthocerida : Spyroceratidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Scientific Name | Spyroceratidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extinct | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 75 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 472 - 458 Ma Ordovician | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Last Recorded Appearance | 254 - 252 Ma Permian | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | fast-moving (based on Cephalopoda) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vision | well-developed (based on Cephalopoda) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diet | carnivore (based on Cephalopoda) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | aragonite (based on Cephalopoda) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | B. Kröger. 2008. Nautiloids before and during the ammonoid origin in a Siluro–Devonian section of the Tafilalt (Morocco). Special Papers in Palaeontology 79:1-110 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyroceratidae |
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adnatoceras ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 336 Ma Carboniferous | 323 Ma Carboniferous | |
| Allanoceras ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Anastomoceras ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Atahococeras ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 296 Ma Permian | 296 Ma Permian | |
| Bitaunioceras ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 15 | 296 Ma Permian | 265 Ma Permian | |
| Cancellspyroceras ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Cryptorthoceras ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Cyrtospyroceras ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Cyrtothoracoceras ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 345 Ma Carboniferous | 326 Ma Carboniferous | |
| Diagoceras ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Dolorthoceras ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 23 | 411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 254 Ma Permian | |
| Eridites ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 441 Ma Silurian | 441 Ma Silurian | |
| Euloxoceras ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 30 | 411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 318 Ma Carboniferous | |
| Fusicoceras ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Geisonoceroides ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Gordonoceras ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Lopingoceras ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 62 | 304 Ma Carboniferous | 254 Ma Permian | |
| Palmeroceras ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Petryoceras ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Pseudocycloceras ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 433 Ma Silurian | 431 Ma Silurian | |
| Reticycloceras ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 50 | 345 Ma Carboniferous | 323 Ma Carboniferous | |
| Sceptrites ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Shikhanoceras ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Spyroceras ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 168 | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | |
| Suloceras ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 6 | 419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Tripteroceroides ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 331 Ma Carboniferous | 326 Ma Carboniferous |
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1935 | Spyroceratidae Shimizu and Obata |
| 1944 | Spyroceratidae Ulrich et al. |
| 1964 | Spyroceratinae Sweet p. 246 |
| 2000 | Spyroceratidae Niko et al. pp. 84-85 |
| 2008 | Spyroceratidae Kröger |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
