Quick Links : Mindat手册 The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Mindat Newsletter [Free Download]

主页关于 Mindat Mindat手册 Mindat的历史版权 Who We Are 联系我们于 Mindat.org刊登广告

捐赠给 Mindat Corporate Sponsorship 赞助板页已赞助的板页在 Mindat刊登广告的广告商于 Mindat.org刊登广告

Learning Center What is a mineral?The most common minerals on earth Information for Educators Mindat Articles The Elements The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Geologic Time

搜索矿物的性质搜索矿物的化学 Advanced Locality Search 随意显示任何一种矿物 Random Locality 使用minID搜索邻近产地 Search Articles 搜索词汇表更多搜索选项

Mindat手册添加新照片 Rate Photos 产区编辑报告 Coordinate Completion Report 添加词汇表项目

Mining Companies 统计会员列表 Mineral Museums Clubs & Organizations 矿物展及活动 The Mindat目录表设备设置 The Mineral Quiz

照片搜索 Photo Galleries Search by Color 今天最新的照片昨天最新的照片用户照片相集过去每日精选照片相集 Photography

BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Cynipidae

Photos

Photo Gallery

Description

Gall wasps, also called gallflies, are a family (Cynipidae) in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea within the suborder Apocrita of the order Hymenoptera. Their common name comes from the galls they induce on plants for larval development. About 1300 species of this generally very small creature (1–8 mm) are known worldwide, with about 360 species of 36 different genera in Europe and some 800 species in North America.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynipidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4339	https://www.gbif.org/species/4339
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	150413	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=150413

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Cynipidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ecdysozoa
-	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
subphylum	Mandibulata
-	Pancrustacea
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
-	Cercofilata	Kukalová-Peck 1987
class	Insecta	Linnaeus 1758
-	Dicondylia
-	Paranotalia	Sroka et al. 2014
subclass	Pterygota	Brauer 1885
-	Neopterygota	Crampton 1924
infraclass	Neoptera	Martynov 1923
-	Holometabola
order	Hymenoptera	Linnaeus 1758
-	Unicalcarida	Schulmeister et al. 2002
suborder	Vespina
suborder	Apocrita	Gerstaecker 1867
infraorder	Proctotrupomorpha
superfamily	Cynipoidea	Latreille 1802
family	Cynipidae	Latreille 1802

Scientific Name

Cynipidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Cynipidae	family	belongs to Cynipoidea	stated with evidence	Statz, 1938
Cynipidae	family	belongs to Apocrita	stated without evidence	Carpenter, 1992
Cynipidae	family	belongs to Cynipoidea	stated with evidence	Kovalev, 1994

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

13 (43%)

First Recorded Appearance

83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Insecta)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Arthropoda)

Taphonomy

chitin (based on Insecta)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

P. A. Latreille. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, Générale et Particulière des Crustacés et des Insectes, Tome Troisième

Common Name(s)

Gall Wasps, Gallsteklar, Cynipid Gall Wasps

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynipidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Cynipinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		8	38.0 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Hodiernocynipinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Acraspis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Amphibolips genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Andricus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Antistrophus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Antronoides genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Aphelonyx genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Atrusca genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Aulacidea genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	37.2 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Aulax genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Aylax genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbotinia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barucynips genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bassettia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Belonocnema genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biorhiza genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Callirhytis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cecconia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cecinothofagus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ceroptres genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cerroneuroterus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Chilaspis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Coffeikokkos genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cyclocynips genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cycloneuroterus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cynips genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Diastrophus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Diplolepis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Disholcaspis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Dryocosmus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Eschatocerus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Euceroptres genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Eumayria genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Eumayriella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Fontaliella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hedickiana genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Heteroecus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hodiernocynips ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Hypodiranchis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Iraella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Isocolus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Kinseycynips ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Kinseyella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Latuspina genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Leptolamina genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Liebelia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Liposthenes genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lithonecrus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Loxaulus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Neaylax genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Nebulovena genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Neuroterus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Odontocynips genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Palaeogronotoma ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	37.2 Ma Eocene	20.0 Ma Miocene
Panteliella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Parapanteliella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschiza genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraulax genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paribalia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pediaspis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Periclistus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Phanacis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Philonix genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phylloteras genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plagiotrochus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pseudoneuroterus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Qwaqwaia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rhodites genus	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Rhodus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rhoophilus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Saphonecrus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Synergus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Synophromorpha genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Synophrus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Tanaoknemus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Timaspis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trichagalma genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trichoteras genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trigonaspis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trisolenia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ufo genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Vetustia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Xestophanes genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Xystoteras genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Zapatella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Zopheroteras genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Adnricus castanopsidis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Andrieus cookii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cecidomyia poculum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ceroteres snellingi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Compsodryas humilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Drycocosmus albidus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Dryphanta ponerae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Euxystotera campanulatum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gillettia taraxaci species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Cynipsera	GBIF	family	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Cynipsera
Cynipites	GBIF	family	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Cynipites
Cynipsides	GBIF	family	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Cynipsides

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1802	Cynipsera Latreille p. 310
1938	Cynipidae Statz p. 89
1992	Cynipidae Carpenter
1994	Cynipidae Kovalev p. 129
1999	Cynipidae Ronquist p. 163
2007	Cynipidae Liu and Engel p. 23
2007	Cynipidae Sharkey
2018	Cynipidae Archibald et al. p. 219
2019	Cynipidae Pujade-Villar and Peñalver p. 6

References

Latreille P. A. , Histoire Naturelle, Générale et Particulière des Crustacés et des Insectes, Tome Troisième, 1-467

Statz G. (1938) Neue Funde parasitischer Hymenopteren aus dem Tertiar von Rott am Siebengebirge, Decheniana 98A, 71-144

Carpenter F. M. (1992) , Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part R, Arthropoda 4: Superclass Hexapoda 3/4, 1-655

Kovalev O. V. (1994) Paleontological history, phylogeny, and systematics of Brachycleistogastromorpha, infraorder n., and Cynipomorpha infraorder n. (Hymenoptera) with descriptions of new fossil and recent families, subfamilies, and genera, Entomological Review 73 2, 385-426

Liu Z. W., Engel M. S. (2007) Taxonomic names, in Phylogeny and geological history of the cynipoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea), American Museum Novitates 3583, 1-48

Sharkey M. J. (2007) Phylogeny and classification of Hymenoptera, Zootaxa 1668, 521-548

Archibald S. B., Rasnitsyn A. P., et al (2018) Modernisation of the Hymenoptera: ants, bees, wasps, and sawflies of the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands of western North America, The Canadian Entomologist 150, 250-257

Pujade-Villar J., Peñalver E. (2019) Revision of the fossil figitid wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) described from compression deposits during the first half of the 20th century, Estudios Geológicos 75, e091

Gärdenfors, Ulf, Hall, Ragnar, Hallingbäck, Tomas, Hansson, Hans G. & Hedström, Lars (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 5, ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. (reviderad excelfil med svenska djurfamiljer). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Ronquist, Nieves-Aldrey, Buffington, L, Liu, Liljeblad & Nylander, A A (2015) Phylogeny, Evolution and Classification of Gall Wasps: The Plot Thickens - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Ronquist, Nieves-Aldrey, Buffington, L, Liu, Liljeblad & Nylander, A A (2015) Phylogeny, Evolution and Classification of Gall Wasps: The Plot Thickens - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Burks, B. D. / Krombein, K. V., P. D. Hurd, D. R. Smith, and B. D. Burks, eds., 1979: Superfamily Cynipoidea. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico, vol. 1. 1045-1107. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

Quick NavTop External Images Fossil Distribution Subtaxa Obsolete Names Synonymy List References

Go to top of page