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Cheiruridae ✝
| Description | Cheiruridae is a family of phacopid trilobites of the suborder Cheirurina. Its members, as with other members of the suborder, had distinctive pygidia modified into finger-like spines. They first appeared in the uppermost Cambrian (upper Furongian), and persisted until the end of the Middle Devonian (Givetian). Currently about 657 species assigned to 99 genera are included. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheiruridae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | family | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Phacopida : Cheiruridae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Scientific Name | Cheiruridae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extinct | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 323 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 488 - 478 Ma Paleozoic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Last Recorded Appearance | 384 - 382 Ma Devonian | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environment | marine (based on Trilobita) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | fast-moving (based on Trilobita) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diet | carnivore | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ontogeny | molting,addition of parts (based on Trilobita) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ecospace Comments | BODY SIZE: Based on component genera; 11 of 12 genera share 10 to < 100 length, 11 of 12 share 10 to < 100 width JA: predatory according to Fortey and Owens 1999 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | low Mg calcite, chitin (based on Trilobita) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | S. E. Peters. 2003. Evenness, richness and the Cambrian-Paleozoic faunal transition in North America: an assemblage-level perspective. The University of Chicago | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheiruridae |
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acanthoparyphinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 105 | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 453 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Cheirurinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 213 | 478 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 426 Ma Silurian | |
| Cyrtometopinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 8 | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | 458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Deiphoninae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 107 | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 431 Ma Silurian | |
| Eccoptochilinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 41 | 485 Ma Cambrian | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Sphaerexochinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 314 | 485 Ma Cambrian | 426 Ma Silurian | |
| Sphaexerochinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Acanthoparypha ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 46 | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Anasobella ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 443 Ma Silurian | 443 Ma Silurian | |
| Ancyginaspis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | |
| Arcticeraurinella ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | 458 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Areia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | 456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Areiaspis ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Borealaspis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 21 | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Bornholmaspis ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 12 | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | |
| Ceraurinella ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 125 | 478 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Ceraurinium ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Ceraurinus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 84 | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Cerauroides ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 9 | 427 Ma Silurian | 426 Ma Silurian | |
| Cerauromeros ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 443 Ma Silurian | 443 Ma Silurian | |
| Cerauropeltis ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | |
| Ceraurus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 192 | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Chacomurus ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Cheirurus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 198 | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 388 Ma Middle Devonian | |
| Chiozoon ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 9 | 443 Ma Silurian | 439 Ma Silurian | |
| Contracheirurus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 6 | 443 Ma Silurian | 426 Ma Silurian | |
| Courtessolium ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 478 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 478 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | |
| Crotalocephalides ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Crotalocephalina ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 28 | 419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Crotalocephalus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 22 | 427 Ma Silurian | 384 Ma Middle Devonian | |
| Cyrtometopella ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 8 | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | 458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Cyrtometopus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 64 | 485 Ma Cambrian | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Deiphon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 52 | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | 426 Ma Silurian | |
| Didrepanon ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 8 | 433 Ma Silurian | 427 Ma Silurian | |
| Eccoptochile ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 41 | 485 Ma Cambrian | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Forteyops ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 488 Ma Cambrian | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | |
| Foulonia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 478 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | |
| Gabriceraurus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 23 | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | 458 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Hadrohybus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Hadromeros ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 61 | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | 426 Ma Silurian | |
| Hammannopyge ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | 458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Hapsiceraurus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Heliomera ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 468 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Heliomeroides ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 26 | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Hemisphaerocoryphe ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 36 | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Holia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 24 | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Hyrokybe ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 20 | 443 Ma Silurian | 426 Ma Silurian | |
| Ichiyamella ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 427 Ma Silurian | 427 Ma Silurian | |
| Junggarella ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Kawina ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 64 | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Kolymella ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 6 | 478 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 467 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Krattaspis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 23 | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | |
| Ktenoura ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 15 | 441 Ma Silurian | 421 Ma Silurian | |
| Laneites ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 11 | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Lehua ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Leviceraurus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Nieszkowskia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 45 | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 453 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Onycopyge ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 433 Ma Silurian | 431 Ma Silurian | |
| Osekaspis ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 8 | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Pandaspinapyga ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 11 | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Paraceraurus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 18 | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | 456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Parayoungia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 16 | 443 Ma Silurian | 426 Ma Silurian | |
| Parisoceraurus ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 6 | 458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Pateraspis ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 9 | 485 Ma Cambrian | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Patomaspis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Placoparina ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Pompeckia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 453 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Proromma ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 7 | 441 Ma Silurian | 439 Ma Silurian | |
| Protocerauroides ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 443 Ma Silurian | 441 Ma Silurian | |
| Pseudocheirurus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 443 Ma Silurian | 427 Ma Silurian | |
| Pseudosphaerexochus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 94 | 485 Ma Cambrian | 443 Ma Silurian | |
| Radiurus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 11 | 443 Ma Silurian | 431 Ma Silurian | |
| Ratinkaspis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Remipyga genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Reraspis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Sphaerexochus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 219 | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 426 Ma Silurian | |
| Sphaerocoryphe ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 107 | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 431 Ma Silurian | |
| Stubblefieldia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Sycophantia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | |
| Turantyx ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Valongia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Whittakerites ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 468 Ma Middle Ordovician | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Xylabion ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | 461 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Xystocrania ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 15 | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Youngia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 35 | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | 427 Ma Silurian | |
| Zazvorkaspis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Sphaerocorphe goodnovi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1847 | Cheiruridae Hawle and Corda |
| 1933 | Cheiruridae Phleger, Jr. p. 14 |
| 1957 | Cheiruridae Harrington and Leanza |
| 1961 | Cheiruridae Nikolaisen |
| 1997 | Cheiruridae Whittington et al. p. 300 |
| 1999 | Cheiruridae Edgecombe et al. |
| 2003 | Cheiruridae Peters |
| 2005 | Cheiruridae Hansen |
| 2011 | Cheiruridae Adrain p. 106 |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada