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Porphyrio

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Description

Porphyrio is the swamphen or swamp hen bird genus in the rail family. It includes some smaller species which are usually called "purple gallinules", and which are sometimes separated as genus Porphyrula or united with the gallinules proper (or "moorhens") in Gallinula. The Porphyrio gallinules are distributed in the warmer regions of the world.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyrio, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3242186	https://www.gbif.org/species/3242186
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	334627	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=334627

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Gruiformes : Rallidae : Porphyrio

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
-	Pygostylia	Chiappe 2002
-	Ornithothoraces	Chiappe and Calvo 1994
-	Ornithuromorpha	Chiappe et al. 1999
subclass	Ornithurae	Haeckel 1866
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
-	Neognathae
-	Neoaves	Sibley et al. 1988
-	Terrestrornithes	Livezey and Zusi 2007
-	Telmatorae
superorder	Charadriimorphae	Huxley 1867
order	Gruiformes	Bonaparte 1854
family	Rallidae	Vigors 1825
genus	Porphyrio	Brisson 1760

Scientific Name

Porphyrio Brisson, 1760

Name Published In

Brisson, M. J. 1760. Ornithologie ou méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés. A laquelle on a joint une description exacte de chaque espece, avec les citations des auteurs qui en ont traité, les noms qu'ils leur ont donnés, ceux que leur ont donnés les différentes nations, & les noms vulgaires. Ouvrage enrichi de figures en taille-douce. Bauche, Paris. Vol. Tome 1: j-xxiv , 1-526, j-lxxiij , Pl. I-XXXVII.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Porphyrio	genus	belongs to Grallae	stated without evidence	De Vis, 1892
Porphyrio	genus	belongs to Rallidae	stated without evidence	Lambrecht, 1933
Porphyrio	genus	belongs to Gallinulinae	stated without evidence	Brodkorb, 1967
Porphyrio	genus	belongs to Rallidae	stated with evidence	Ripley, 1977
Porphyrio	genus	belongs to Rallinae	stated without evidence	del Hoyo et al., 2014
Porphyrio	genus	belongs to Rallidae	stated with evidence	Clements et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

8 (47%)

First Recorded Appearance

4.90 - 1.80 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

terrestrial (based on Theropoda)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Coelurosauria)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

S. D. Ripley. 1977. Rails Of The World: A Monograph of the Family Rallidae

Common Name(s)

Swamphens

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyrio

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Notornis mantelli ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Porphyrio albus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	White Swamphen
Porphyrio alleni species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Allen's Gallinule	1	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Porphyrio caerulescens ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	Reunion Gallinule
Porphyrio chathamensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Porphyrio coerulescens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Porphyrio ellioti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Porphyrio flavirostris species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Azure Gallinule			0 Ma Extant
Porphyrio hochstetteri species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	South Island Takahe	2	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Porphyrio indicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Porphyrio kukwiedei ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	New Caledonia Gallinule	6	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Porphyrio mackintoshi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Porphyrio mantelli ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	North Island Takahe
Porphyrio martinica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Porphyrio martinicus species	listed (PBDB)	Purple Gallinule	2	0.30 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Porphyrio mcnabi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Porphyrio melanotus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Australasian Swamphen	14	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Porphyrio mertoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Porphyrio neobritannicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Porphyrio paepae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Marquesan Swamphen	7	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Porphyrio porphyrio species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Western Swamphen	11	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Porphyrio pulverulentus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Porphyrio reperta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Porphyrio repertus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Porphyrion Vieillot, 1818	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Gruiformes : Rallidae : *Porphyrion*
Nothornis Schlegel, 1854	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Gruiformes : Rallidae : *Nothornis*
Porphyriola Sundevall, 1873	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Gruiformes : Rallidae : *Porphyriola*
Porphyrula Linnaeus, 1758	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Gruiformes : Rallidae : *Porphyrula*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1758	Porphyrula Linnaeus
1758	Porphyrula Linné
1760	Porphyrio Brisson
1848	Notornis Owen
1853	Ionornis Reichebach
1890	Notornis Zittel p. 846
1892	Porphyrio De Vis p. 454
1933	Porphyrio Lambrecht p. 475

Year	Name and Author
1933	Notornis Lambrecht p. 476
1967	Porphyrio Brodkorb p. 126
1967	Notornis Brodkorb p. 128
1977	Porphyrio Ripley p. 296
1992	Porphyrula Emslie p. 262
1999	Porphyrio (Porphyrula) Reis and Steadman p. 278
2014	Porphyrio del Hoyo et al.
2017	Porphyrio Clements et al.

References

Ripley S. D. (1977) , Rails Of The World: A Monograph of the Family Rallidae, 1-406

Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1, 1-824 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542

Zittel K. A. v. , Handbuch der Palaeontologie. I. Abteilung Paleozoologie. III. Band. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves) [Handbook of Paleontology. Division I. Paleozoology. Volume III. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves)], xii-900

De Vis C. W. Residue of the extinct birds of Queensland as yet detected, Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 6, 437-456

Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024

Brodkorb P. (1967) Catalogue of fossil birds: Part 3 (Ralliformes, Ichthyornithiformes, Charadriiformes), Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 11 3, 99-220

Emslie S. D. (1992) Two new late Blancan avifaunas from Florida and the extinction of wetland birds in the Plio-Pleistocene, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series 36, 249-269

Reis K. R., Steadman D. W. (1999) Archaeology of Trants, Montserrat. Part 5. Prehistoric avifauna, Annals of Carnegie Museum 68, 275-287

del Hoyo J., Collar N. J., et al (2014) HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines, 1-904

Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Ornith., 5 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Monroe Jr. & Sibley, 1993 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, Richard C., C. Cicero, J. L. Dunn, A. W. Kratter, P. C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., et al., 2002: Forty-third Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds. The Auk, vol. 119, no. 3. 897-906. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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