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Arctocyon

Description

Arctocyon ('bear dog') is an extinct genus of ungulate mammals. Arctocyon was a "ground dwelling omnivore", that lived from 61.3-56.8 Ma. Synonyms of Arctocyon include Claenodon, and Neoclaenodon. Arctocyon was likely plantigrade, that is, walked like a bear.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)3239419https://www.gbif.org/species/3239419
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)42200https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42200
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Arctocyonidae : Arctocyon
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
familyArctocyonidaeMurray 1866
genusArctocyonde Blainville 1841
Scientific NameArctocyon de Blainville, 1841
Name Published InOstéogr., Subursus
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Arctocyongenusbelongs to Arctocyonidaestated without evidenceBlainville, 1841
Arctocyongenusbelongs to Arctocyonidaestated with evidenceCope, 1880
Arctocyongenusbelongs to Arctocyonidaestated without evidenceCope, 1880
Arctocyongenusbelongs to ArctocyonidaeimpliedMcKenna and Bell, 1997
Arctocyongenusbelongs to Arctocyoninaestated without evidenceArchibald, 1998
Arctocyongenusbelongs to Arctocyonidaestated without evidenceThewissen et al., 2001
Arctocyongenusbelongs to Arctocyonidaestated with evidenceTabuce et al., 2011
Arctocyongenusbelongs to Arctocyonidaestated without evidenceScott et al., 2013
Arctocyongenusbelongs to Arctocyonidaestated with evidenceHalliday et al., 2017
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)5
First Recorded Appearance63.3 - 61.7 Ma
Paleocene
Last Recorded Appearance56.8 - 55.8 Ma
Paleogene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietomnivore (based on Arctocyonidae)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals.
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctocyon

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Anacodon nexus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
2261.7 Ma
Paleocene
56.8 Ma
Paleocene
Arctocyon matthesi
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Arctocyon primaevus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
259.2 Ma
Paleocene
58.7 Ma
Paleocene
Arctocyonides mumak
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1161.7 Ma
Paleocene
58.7 Ma
Paleocene
Mioclaenus ferox
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
3063.3 Ma
Paleocene
61.7 Ma
Paleocene

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Arctotherium Lemoine, 1896GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Arctocyonidae : Arctotherium

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1841Arctocyon Blainville
1880Arctocyon Cope
1902Arctocyon Hay p. 746
1997Arctocyon McKenna and Bell
1998Arctocyon Archibald
2001Arctocyon Thewissen et al. p. suppl.
2011Arctocyon Tabuce et al. p. 152
2013Arctocyon Scott et al.
2017Arctocyon Halliday et al. p. 525

References

Alroy J. (2002) Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals
Cope E. D. On the genera of the Creodonta, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 19, 76-82
Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868
McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640
Archibald J. D. (1998) Archaic ungulates ("Condylarthra"), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1, 292-331
Thewissen J. G. M, Williams E. M., et al (2001) Skeletons of terrestrial cetaceans and the relationship of whales to artiodactyls, Nature 413, 277-281
Tabuce R., Clavel J., et al (2011) A structural intermediate between triisodontids and mesonychians (Mammalia, Acreodi) from the earliest Eocene of Portugal, Naturwissenschaften 98, 145-155
Scott C. S., Spivak D. N., et al (2013) First mammals from the Paleocene Porcupine Hills Formation of southwestern Alberta, Canada, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 50, 355-378
Halliday T. J. D., Upchurch P., et al (2017) Resolving the relationships of Paleocene placental mammals 92, 521-550 doi:10.1111/brv.12242
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Ostéogr., Subursus - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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