BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems
Betula
| Description | A birch is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus Betula, in the family Betulaceae, which also includes alders, hazels, and hornbeams. It is closely related to the beech-oak family Fagaceae. The genus Betula contains 30 to 60 known taxa of which 11 are on the IUCN 2011 Red List of Threatened Species. They are a typically rather short-lived pioneer species widespread in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in northern areas of temperate climates and in boreal climates. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betula, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | genus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Betulaceae : Betula | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Betulaceae : Betula | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Common Name | birch | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific Name | Betula L. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 1 (33%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 66.0 - 56.0 Ma Paleocene | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | L. J. Hickey. 1977. Stratigraphy and paleobotany of the Golden Valley Formation (Early Tertiary) of western North Dakota. The Geological Society of America Memoir 150:1-183 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name(s) | 자작나무속, Birch, Birke, Björkar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betula |
External Images
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Betula nana × pendula species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula michauxii × Betula pumila var. pumila species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula nana x pendula species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula pendula × pubescens species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula pendula x pubescens species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula humilis x pendula species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula nana × pubescens species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula nana x pubescens species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula nana × pubescens subsp. czerepanovii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula nana × pubescens subsp. pubescens species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula humilis x pubescens species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula aequalis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula alaskana species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula alleghaniensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula alnoides species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula angustifolia species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula antarctica species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula apoiensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula ashburneri species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula ashleyi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula aurata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula avatshensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula baschkirica species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula basiserrata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula beatricina species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula bendirei species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula bomiensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula borggreveana species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula bottnica species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula bryani species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula caerulea species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula calcicola species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula caudata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula celtiberica species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula chichibuensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula chinensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula clarnoensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula confusa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula cordifolia species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula coriaceifolia species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula corylifolia species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula coryloides species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula costata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula crenata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula cylindrostachya species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula dahurica species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula davurica species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula dayana species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula delavayi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula deltoides species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula desatoyana species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula dosmannii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula dryadum species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula dugleana species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula dutillyi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula eastwoodae species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula eastwoodiae species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula ermanii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula fairii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula falcata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula fargesii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula florissanti species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula fructicosa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula fruticosa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula glandulosa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula globispica species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula gmelinii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula grossa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula gynoterminalis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula hainanensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula heptopotamica species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula hesterna ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 55.8 Ma Eocene | 55.8 Ma Eocene | |
| Betula heterodonta species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula heteromorpha species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula honanensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula hornei species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula humilis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula iddingsi species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 48.6 Ma Eocene | 48.6 Ma Eocene | |
| Betula intermedia species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula jackii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula karagandensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula kirghisorum species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula klokovii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula koehnei species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula kotulae species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula kweichowensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula lacustris species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula largei species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula lazistanica species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula lenta species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula leopoldae species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula luminifera species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula maximowicziana species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula medwediewii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula megrelica species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula michauxii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula microphylla species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula minor species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula nana species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula nanoides species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula nigra species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula occidentalis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula papyracea species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula papyrifera species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula paramushirensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula pendula species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula piperi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula plettkei species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula populifolia species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula populoides species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula potamophila species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula potaninii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula prenigra species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula psammophila species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula pseudofontinalis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula pubescens species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula pumila species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula purpusii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula raddeana species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula raymundii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula rosendahlii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula saksarensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula salzhausensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula sandbergii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula sargentii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula saviczii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula schmidtii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula sect species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula skvortsovii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula stevensonii ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 56.8 Ma Paleocene | 56.8 Ma Paleocene | |
| Betula strobilacea species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula sukaczewii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula sunanensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula taylorana species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula thor species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula tianschanica species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula truncata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula uliginosa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula utahensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula utilis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula vera species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula vogdesii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula vologdensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula winteri species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula wuyiensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula xarbuscula species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula xsargentii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula xuliginosa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula zimpelii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Betula zinserlingii species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1753 | Betula Linnaeus |
| 1899 | Betula Knowlton |
| 1959 | Betula Brown p. 128 |
| 1977 | Betula Hickey |
| 1989 | Betula Shoshani et al. p. 434 |
| 2000 | Betula Mabberley |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
