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Turnix

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Description

Buttonquail or hemipodes are members of a small family of birds, Turnicidae, which resemble, but are unrelated to, the quails of Phasianidae. They inhabit warm grasslands in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Australia. There are 16 species in two genera, with most species being found in the genus Turnix and only one being found in the genus Ortyxelos.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnix, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2474964	https://www.gbif.org/species/2474964
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	39348	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39348

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Turnicidae : Turnix

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
order	Charadriiformes	Huxley 1867
family	Turnicidae	Gray 1840
genus	Turnix	Bonnaterre 1791

Common Name

buttonquail

Scientific Name

Turnix Bonnaterre, 1791

Name Published In

Bonnaterre, Pierre J. 1791. Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. Panckoucke, Paris. Vol. 1 (livr.47): lxxxi-xcvii, 1-192.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Turnix	genus	belongs to Turnicidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Turnix	genus	belongs to Turnicidae	stated without evidence	Baird, 1992
Turnix	genus	belongs to Turnicidae	stated with evidence	Meijer et al., 2013

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

5 (100%)

First Recorded Appearance

5.33 - 0.13 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

marine (based on Charadriiformes)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Coelurosauria)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Common Name(s)

Buttonquail

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnix

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Turnix albiventris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix castanotus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix everetti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix haynaldi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix horsbrughi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix hottentottus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix javanica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix maculatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix maculosus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix melanogaster species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix nanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix nigrescens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix nigricollis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Madgascar Buttonquail	4	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Turnix ocellatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix olivii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix pyrrhothorax species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix rostrata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix rufescens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix rufilatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix saturata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix suscitator species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Barred Buttonquail	1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Turnix sylvaticus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix tanki species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix varius species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Painted Buttonquail	12	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Turnix velox species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Little Buttonquail	3	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Turnix whiteheadi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnix worcesteri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1791	Turnix Bonnaterre
1815	Hemipodius Temminck
1988	Turnix Carroll
1992	Turnix Baird p. 26
2008	Turnix Burney et al. p. 18
2013	Turnix Meijer et al. p. 885
2017	Turnix Clements et al.

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Baird R. F. (1992) Fossil avian assemblage of Pitfall Origin from Holocene sediments in Amphitheatre Cave (G-2), South-western Victoria, Australia, Records of the Australian Museum 44, 21-44

Burney D. A., Vasey N., et al (2008) New findings at Andrahomana Cave, southeastern Madagascar, Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 70 1, 13-24

Meijer H. J. M., Sutikna T., et al (2013) Late Pleistocene-Holocene non-passerine avifauna of Liang Bua (Flores, Indonesia), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33, 877-894

Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017

Dickinson, Edward C., ed., 2003: null. The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, 3rd edition. 1039. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Ency. Méth., (Orn.) 1, Ixxxii - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Monroe Jr. & Sibley, 1993, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Monroe Jr. & Sibley, 1993 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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