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Trionyx

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Description

Trionyx is a genus of softshell turtles belonging to the family Trionychidae. In the past many species in the family were classified in this genus, but today T. triunguis, the African or Nile softshell turtle, is the only extant softshell still classified as Trionyx. The other species still assigned to this genus are only known from fossils. T. triunguis is a relatively large, aquatic piscivore.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trionyx, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2442547	https://www.gbif.org/species/2442547
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	37682	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37682

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Trionychidae : Trionyx

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
-	Testudinata
order	Testudines	Batsch 1788
family	Trionychidae	Gray 1825
-	Trionychinae	Gray 1825
genus	Trionyx	Geoffroy Saint Hillaire 1809

Scientific Name

Trionyx Geoffroy Saint Hillaire, 1809

Name Published In

N. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1 (22)

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Emydidae	stated without evidence	Owen, 1842
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Chelonia	stated without evidence	Leidy, 1860
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Chelonia	stated with evidence	Leidy, 1865
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychidae	stated with evidence	Leidy, 1873
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychinae	stated without evidence	Lydekker, 1889
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Testudinata	stated without evidence	Cope, 1891
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychidae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychia	stated without evidence	Case, 1904
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychidae	stated without evidence	Lambe, 1908
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychidae	stated with evidence	Gilmore, 1931
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychidae	stated without evidence	Estes and Tihen, 1964
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychidae	stated without evidence	Holman et al., 1990
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychini	stated without evidence	Weisrock and Janzen, 2000
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychinae	stated without evidence	Holman, 2002
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychina	stated without evidence	Karl, 2007
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychinae	stated without evidence	Staesche et al., 2007
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychidae	implied	Böhme, 2008
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychinae	stated with evidence	Vitek and Danilov, 2010
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychinae	stated without evidence	Danilov et al., 2011
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychinae	stated with evidence	Danilov and Vitek, 2013
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychinae	stated without evidence	Pérez-García et al., 2013
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychinae	stated with evidence	Vitek and Danilov, 2014
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychinae	stated without evidence	van Dijk et al., 2014
Trionyx	genus	belongs to Trionychinae	stated with evidence	Georgalis and Joyce, 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

4 (8.9%)

First Recorded Appearance

130 - 125 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Environment

brackish,freshwater (based on Trionychidae)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Trionychidae)

Diet

piscivore, carnivore (based on Trionychidae)

Reproduction

oviparous (based on Trionychidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

E. F. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. 1809. Mémoire sur les tortues molles, nouveau genre sous le nom de Trionyx, et sur la formation des carapaces. Annales du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle 14:1-20

Common Name(s)

African Softshell Turtles, Softshell Turtles

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trionyx

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Plastomenus minusculus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Platypeltis miocaenus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trionyx admirabilis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trionyx aequa ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		4	50.3 Ma Eocene	46.2 Ma Eocene
Eugenechelys allani ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trionyx aquitanicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trionyx austerus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		12	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trionyx australiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trionyx barbarae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trionyx baynshirensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hummelichelys beecheri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trionyx bellunensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trionyx boulengeri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	37.2 Ma Eocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Trionyx bowerbanki species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trionyx buiei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trionyx capellinii ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	48.6 Ma Eocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Trionyx cariosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trionyx concentricus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trionyx dissolutus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trionyx ellipticus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		3	50.3 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Axestemys eloisae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hummelichelys foveatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trionyx gangeticus species	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Trionyx gergensi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trionyx gilbentuensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trionyx gobiensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trionyx gregarius ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Trionyx halophilus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trionyx henrici ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	56.0 Ma Paleocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Trionyx ikoviensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Trionyx impressus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Trionyx incrassatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trionyx indet species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trionyx jixiensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Trionyx johnsoni ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Trionyx kansaiensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trionyx kyrgyzensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Apalone latus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trionyx leptomitus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trionyx leucopotamicus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		5	37.2 Ma Eocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Trionyx linchuensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Trionyx melitensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trionyx messelianus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		5	48.6 Ma Eocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Trionyx michauxi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trionyx miensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Trionyx minusculus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Trionyx miocaenus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Trionyx mira ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		4	50.3 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Trionyx ninae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Trionyx onomatoplokos ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trionyx parisiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trionyx phayrei species	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Trionyx planus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Trionyx pliocenicus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Trionyx radula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hummelichelys reesidei ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trionyx riabinini ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		5	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trionyx rivosus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Aspideretoides robustus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		24	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trionyx shiluutulensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trionyx silvestris ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Trionyx singularis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		7	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trionyx triunguis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	African Softshell Turtle	24	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Trionyx uintaensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		5	50.3 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Hummelichelys vegetus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trionyx vindobonensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	28.1 Ma Oligocene	11.6 Ma Miocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Francedebroinella Chkhikvadze, 1999	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Trionychidae : *Francedebroinella*
Trionys	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Trionychidae : *Trionys*
Aspidonectes Wagler, 1830	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Trionychidae : *Aspidonectes*
Gymnopus Duméril & Bibron, 1835	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Trionychidae : *Gymnopus*
Tyrse Gray, 1844	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Trionychidae : *Tyrse*
Trionix Rafinesque, 1815	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Trionychidae : *Trionix*
Fordia Gray, 1869	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Trionychidae : *Fordia*
Trionychis Kutorga, 1837	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Trionychidae : *Trionychis*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1809	Trionyx Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
1842	Trionyx Owen p. 168
1860	Trionyx Leidy p. 148
1865	Trionyx Leidy p. 113
1873	Trionyx Leidy p. 341
1889	Trionyx Lydekker p. 7
1891	Trionyx Cope p. 5
1902	Trionyx Hay p. 453
1904	Trionyx Case p. 60
1908	Trionyx Lambe
1931	Trionyx Gilmore p. 253
1964	Trionyx Estes and Tihen p. 465
1967	Trionyx Miller p. 226
1967	Trionyx Wilson p. 205
1970	Trionyx Estes and Berberian p. 5
1971	Trionyx Khosatzky and Mlynarski p. 141
1981	Trionyx Holman and Sullivan p. 141
1988	Trionyx Carroll
1989	Trionyx Bryant p. 40
1990	Trionyx Holman et al. p. 524
1996	Trionyx Frank and Ramus
1999	Francedebroinella Chkhikvadze
2000	Sinamyda Chkhikvadze
2000	Trionyx Sukhanov p. 346
2000	Trionyx Weisrock and Janzen p. 153
2002	Trionyx Holman
2007	Trionyx Karl p. 34
2007	Trionyx Staesche et al.
2008	Trionyx Böhme p. 168
2010	Trionyx Vitek and Danilov
2011	Trionyx Danilov et al. p. 400
2012	Trionyx Vitek and Danilov p. 52
2013	Trionyx Danilov and Vitek
2013	Trionyx Pérez-García et al.
2014	Trionyx Vitek and Danilov
2014	Trionyx van Dijk et al.
2017	Trionyx Georgalis and Joyce

Year	Name and Author
1809	Trionyx Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
1842	Trionyx Owen p. 168
1860	Trionyx Leidy p. 148
1865	Trionyx Leidy p. 113
1873	Trionyx Leidy p. 341
1889	Trionyx Lydekker p. 7
1891	Trionyx Cope p. 5
1902	Trionyx Hay p. 453
1904	Trionyx Case p. 60
1908	Trionyx Lambe
1931	Trionyx Gilmore p. 253
1964	Trionyx Estes and Tihen p. 465
1967	Trionyx Miller p. 226
1967	Trionyx Wilson p. 205
1970	Trionyx Estes and Berberian p. 5
1971	Trionyx Khosatzky and Mlynarski p. 141
1981	Trionyx Holman and Sullivan p. 141
1988	Trionyx Carroll
1989	Trionyx Bryant p. 40
1990	Trionyx Holman et al. p. 524
1996	Trionyx Frank and Ramus
1999	Francedebroinella Chkhikvadze
2000	Sinamyda Chkhikvadze
2000	Trionyx Sukhanov p. 346
2000	Trionyx Weisrock and Janzen p. 153
2002	Trionyx Holman
2007	Trionyx Karl p. 34
2007	Trionyx Staesche et al.
2008	Trionyx Böhme p. 168
2010	Trionyx Vitek and Danilov
2011	Trionyx Danilov et al. p. 400
2012	Trionyx Vitek and Danilov p. 52
2013	Trionyx Danilov and Vitek
2013	Trionyx Pérez-García et al.
2014	Trionyx Vitek and Danilov
2014	Trionyx van Dijk et al.
2017	Trionyx Georgalis and Joyce

References

Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire E. F. Mémoire sur les tortues molles, nouveau genre sous le nom de Trionyx, et sur la formation des carapaces, Annales du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle 14, 1-20

Owen R. Report on British fossil reptiles, part II, Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 11, 60-204

Leidy J. Extinct vertebrates from the Judith River and Great Lignite Formations of Nebraska, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 11, 139-154

Leidy J. Cretaceous reptiles of the United States, Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 192, 1-135

Leidy J. Part I. Contributions to the extinct vertebrate fauna of the western territories, Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories 1, 1-358

Lydekker R. , Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History) Part III. The Order Chelonia, 1-239

Cope E. D. On vertebrata from the Tertiary and Cretaceous rocks of the North West Territory: The species from the Oligocene or Lower Miocene beds of the Cypress Hills, Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3, 1-25

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Case E. C. (1904) Systematic Paleontology: Mammalia, Maryland Geological Survey Miocene: Text, 1-58

Lambe L. M. (1908) The Vertebrata of the Oligocene of the Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan, Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3 4, 1-65 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.61444

Gilmore C. W. (1931) Fossil turtles of Mongolia, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 59, 213-257

Estes R., Tihen J. A. (1964) Lower vertebrates from the Valentine Formation of Nebraska, American Midland Naturalist 72 2, 453-472

Miller H. W. (1967) Cretaceous vertebrates from Phoebus Landing, North Carolina, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 119, 219-235

Wilson R. L. (1967) The Pleistocene vertebrates of Michigan, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters 52, 197-234

Estes R., Berberian P. (1970) Paleoecology of a Late Cretaceous vertebrate community from Montana, Breviora 343, 1-35

Khosatzky L. I., Mlynarski M. (1971) Chelonians from the Upper Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia, Palaeontologia Polonica 25, 131-144

Holman J. A., Sullivan R. M. (1981) A small herpetofauna from the type section of the Valentine Formation (Miocene: Barstovian), Cherry County, Nebraska, Journal of Paleontology 55 1, 138-144

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Bryant L. J. (1989) Non-dinosaurian lower vertebrates across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in northeastern Montana, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 134, 1-107

Holman J. A., Bell G. L., et al (1990) A late Pleistocene herpetofauna from Bell Cave, Alabama, The Herpetological Journal 1 11, 521-529

Frank N., Ramus E. (1996) A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World, 1-377

Sukhanov V. B. (2000) Mesozoic turtles of Middle and Central Asia, The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, 309-367

Weisrock D. W., Janzen F. J. (2000) Comparative molecular phylogeography of North American softshell turtles (Apalone): implications for regional and wide-scale historical evolutionary forces, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 14 1, 152-164

Holman J. A. (2002) Paleocene turtles and crocodilians directly above the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary in Pulaski County, Illinois, Michigan Academician 34 2, 163-174

Karl H.-V. (2007) The fossil reptiles (Reptilia: Chelonii, Crocodylia) from the marine early Oligocene of the Weisselster Basin (Central Germany: Saxonia), Studia Geologica Salamanticensia 43 1, 25-66

Staesche K., Karl H.V., et al (2007) Fossile Schildkroten aus der Turkei, Fossile Schildkroten aus drei Kontinenten 98, 91-149

Böhme M. (2008) Ectothermic vertebrates (Teleostei, Allocaudata, Urodela, Anura, Testudines, Choristodera, Crocodylia, Squamata) from the Upper Oligocene of Oberleichtersbach (Northern Bavaria, Germany), Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 260, 161-183

Vitek N. S., Danilov I. G. (2010) New material and a reassessment of soft-shelled turtles (Trionychidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Middle Asia and Kazakhstan, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 2, 383-393

Danilov I. G., Zvonok E. A., et al (2011) A new species of soft-shelled turtle (Trionychidae) from the Middle Eocene of Ukraine, Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 315 4, 399-411

Vitek N. S., Danilov I. G. (2012) New data on the soft-shelled turtles from the Upper Cretaceous Kyrkkuduk locality of souther Kazakhstan, Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 316 1, 50-56

Danilov I. G., Vitek N. S. (2013) Soft-shelled turtles (Trionychidae) from the Bissekty Formation (Late Cretaceous: late Turonian) of Uzbekistan: shell-based taxa, Cretaceous Research 41, 55-64 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2012.10.003

Pérez-García A., Murelaga X., et al (2013) Presence of several clades of continental turtles in the Lutetian (Middle Eocene) of the Sobrarbe Formation (Ainsa Basin, South-Central Pyrenees, Northeast Spain), Geologica Belgica 16 4, 311-319

Vitek N. S., Danilov I. G. (2014) Soft-shelled turtles (Trionychidae) from the Cenomanian of Uzbekistan, Cretaceous Research 49, 1-12

van Dijk P. P., Iverson J. B., et al (2014) Turtles of the World, 7th edition: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution with maps, and conservation status, Chelonian Research Monographs 5, 329-479

Georgalis G. L., Joyce W. G. (2017) A Review of the Fossil Record of Old World Turtles of the Clade Pan-Trionychidae, Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 58 1, 115-208 doi:10.3374/014.058.0106

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

N. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1 (22) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus (authority adjusted) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Turtle Taxonomy Working Group [van Dijk, P. P., J. Iverson, A. Rhodin, H. Shaffer, and R. Bour], 2014: Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with maps, and Conservation Status. Chelonian Research Monographs, no. 5, v. 7. 329-479. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Iverson, John B., 1992: null. A Revised Checklist with Distribution Maps of the Turtles of the World. xiii + 363. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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