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Cyclopes

Description

In Greek mythology and later Roman mythology, the Cyclopes (sy-KLOH-peez; Greek: Κύκλωπες, Kýklōpes, "Circle-eyes" or "Round-eyes"; singular Cyclops SY-klops; Κύκλωψ, Kýklōps) are giant one-eyed creatures. Three groups of Cyclopes can be distinguished. In Hesiod's Theogony, they are the brothers: Brontes, Steropes, and Arges, who provided Zeus with his weapon the thunderbolt. In Homer's Odyssey, they are an uncivilized group of shepherds, the brethren of Polyphemus encountered by Odysseus. Cyclopes were also famous as the builders of the Cyclopean walls of Mycenae and Tiryns.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)2436325https://www.gbif.org/species/2436325
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)83037https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=83037
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Pilosa : Cyclopedidae : Cyclopes
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Xenarthra : Cyclopedidae : Cyclopes
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-AmericatheriaShockey 2017
-Xenarthra
infraorderPilosaFlower 1883
superfamilyVermilingua
familyCyclopedidae
genusCyclopesGray 1821
Scientific NameCyclopes Gray, 1821
Name Published InGray, John E. 1821. On the natural arrangement of Vertebrose Animals. London Medical Repository 15: 296-310.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Cyclopesgenusbelongs to Cyclopinaestated with evidenceGaudin and Branham, 1998
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)2
Extant Size (PBDB)2 (100%)
First Recorded Appearance0.01 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietomnivore (based on Xenarthra)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)T. J. Gaudin and D. G. Branham. 1998. The phylogeny of the Myrmecophagidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Vermilingua) and the relationship of Eurotamandua to the Vermilingua. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 5(3):237-265
Common Name(s) Pygmy Anteaters
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopes

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Cyclopes catellus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Cyclopes didactyla
species
listed (PBDB)0 Ma
Extant
Cyclopes didactylus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Cyclopes ida
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Cyclopes rufus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Cyclopes thomasi
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Cyclopes xinguensis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Dionyx Geoffroy, 1835GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Pilosa : Cyclopedidae : Dionyx
Myrmidon Bonaparte, 1832GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Pilosa : Cyclopedidae : Myrmidon
Didactylis Bonaparte, 1831GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Pilosa : Cyclopedidae : Didactylis
Cycloturus Sclater, 1871GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Pilosa : Cyclopedidae : Cycloturus
Didactyla Liais, 1872GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Pilosa : Cyclopedidae : Didactyla
Eurypterna Gloger, 1841GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Pilosa : Cyclopedidae : Eurypterna
Myrmedon Agassiz, 1846GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Pilosa : Cyclopedidae : Myrmedon
Didactyles Cuvier, 1829GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Pilosa : Cyclopedidae : Didactyles
Myrmydon Wagler, 1830GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Pilosa : Cyclopedidae : Myrmydon

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1811Cyclopes Gray
1998Cyclopes Gaudin and Branham
2008Cyclopes McDonald et al.

References

Gaudin T. J., Branham D. G. (1998) The phylogeny of the Myrmecophagidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Vermilingua) and the relationship of Eurotamandua to the Vermilingua, Journal of Mammalian Evolution 5 3, 237-265
McDonald H. G., Vizcaíno S. F., et al (2008) Skeletal anatomy and the fossil history of the Vermilingua, The Biology of the Xenarthra, 64-78
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (editors). (2005). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd Ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 2,142 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
London Med. Repos., 15 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Miranda, Flávia R., Daniel M. Casali, Fernando A. Perini, Fabio A. Machado, and Fabrício R. Santos, 2017: Taxonomic review of the genus Cyclopes Gray, 1821 (Xenarthra: Pilosa), with the revalidation and description of new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. 183, no. 3. 687-721. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Gardner, Alfred L., ed., 2007: null. Mammals of South America, Vol. 1: Marsupials, Xenarthrans, Shrews, and Bats. xx + 669. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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