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Murex

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Description

Murex is a genus of medium to large sized predatory tropical sea snails. These are carnivorous marine gastropod molluscs in the family Muricidae, commonly called "murexes" or "rock snails".

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murex, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2304422	https://www.gbif.org/species/2304422
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	11385	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=11385

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Murex

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Gastropoda	Cuvier 1797
subclass	Prosobranchia	Milne-Edwards 1848
superorder	Caenogastropoda	Cox 1959
order	Neogastropoda	Thiele 1929
superfamily	Muricoidea	de Costa 1776
family	Muricidae	Rafinesque 1815
subfamily	Muricinae	da Costa 1776
genus	Murex	Linnæus 1758

Scientific Name

Murex Linnaeus, 1758

Name Published In

Linnæus, Carolus. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. Vol. Tomus I, Editio decima, reformata: i-ii, 1-824.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Murex	genus	belongs to Muricidae	stated with evidence	Martin, 1904
Murex	genus	belongs to Muricidae	stated without evidence	Oostingh, 1935
Murex	genus	belongs to Muricidae	stated with evidence	Gardner, 1947
Murex	genus	belongs to Muricinae	stated with evidence	MacNeil, 1960
Murex	genus	belongs to Muricidae	stated with evidence	Ladd, 1977
Murex	genus	belongs to Muricinae	stated with evidence	Perrilliat, 1987
Murex	genus	belongs to Muricinae	stated without evidence	Robba et al., 1989
Murex	genus	belongs to Muricinae	implied	Wilson, 1994
Murex	genus	belongs to Muricidae	stated without evidence	Wienrich, 2001
Murex	genus	belongs to Muricidae	stated with evidence	Harzhauser, 2002
Murex	genus	belongs to Neogastropoda	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Murex	genus	belongs to Muricidae	stated without evidence	Vera-Peláez et al., 2004
Murex	genus	belongs to Muricinae	stated with evidence	Harzhauser, 2004

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

13 (21%)

First Recorded Appearance

125 - 122 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Motility

actively mobile (based on Muricidae)

Vision

limited (based on Gastropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Muricidae)

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Gastropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Common Name(s)

Stachelschnecken, Murex Snails, アクキガイ

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murex

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Murex (Murex) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		53	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Murex (Promurex) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		16	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Murex (Rhinocantha) subgenus	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Murex (Subpterynotus) subgenus	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Murex (Tubicauda) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		2	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Fusus gilli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex absonus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex acanthostephes species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex aduncospinosus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex africanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex aldrichi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex aliornatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex altispira species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex anatomica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex angulatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex antelmei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex asteriscus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Murex athenasi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex balteatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex batavianus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex baudoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex belcheri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex berti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex bifrons ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Murex bisotensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex bizonatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex brevispina species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	23.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Murex buxtorfi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex camplytropis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	23.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Murex cancellaroides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex cancellinus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Murex carbaseus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex carbonnieri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex carpenteri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex chipolanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex chrysostomus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex cingulatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Murex clathratus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Murex colubrinus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Murex compsorhytis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex concinna species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex concinnus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex conspicuus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex contabulatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Murex contemptus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex coosensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex coppingeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex cortazari species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex cotteaui species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex cowlitzensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex crassilabrum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex crinaceoides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex crowfootii ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Murex dalli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex davisi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	28.4 Ma Oligocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Murex deningeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex depontaillieri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex didymus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Murex digitatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex djarianensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex dormani species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex dubius species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex dubuissoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex dyscritus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex echinodes species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex eidelstedtensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex ejectus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex elatospira species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex elegans species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex elegantissimus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex eymari species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex falcatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex falsitribulus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex fasciatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex fluctuosus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Murex formosus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex forskoehlii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex frondosus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Murex fusates species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex gaudryi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex gouetensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex grooti ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Murex guppyi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex hamiltonensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Murex haudmuticus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex huangi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex hystricosus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex indicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex inermis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex intermedius species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex isotomus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex jamrachi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex junghuhni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Murex karangensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex kellumi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	28.4 Ma Oligocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Murex kerslakae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex laciniatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex lignarius species	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Murex lindajoyceae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex lita species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex mansfieldi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex manubriatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Murex margaritae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex megacerus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex megapex species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex merangianus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex messorius species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex meunieri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex micromeris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex mindanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex minutus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Murex mississippiensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	33.9 Ma Oligocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Murex mitriformis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex namneticus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex nashi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex nicholsi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex noae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex nodularius ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Murex nux species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex obtusicosta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex obtusus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex occa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex octonarius species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex ogormani species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex pachystirus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Murex packardi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex paradoxicus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Murex partschi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex pauperculus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex pecten species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex pentodon species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex perangulatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Murex peroni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex perplexus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex philippinensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex pinchinati species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex pondicherriensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Murex prionotus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Murex protocrassus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex pseudonystii ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Murex pulcher species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex pumilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex puruensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex pyknos species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex queenslandicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex rectirostris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex reedi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Murex reticulosus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Murex rhombicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex rhysus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Murex riparius species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex roseotinctus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex rostratus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex rota species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex ruginosus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex rutteni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex salomensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex salomonensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex sandersoni species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	61.6 Ma Paleocene	61.6 Ma Paleocene
Murex saplisi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex sarroniensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex scolopax species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex scorpionius species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Murex selbyensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex simplex species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex sobrantensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex somalicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex sondeianus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex spectabilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex spicatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex spinacostatas species	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Murex spinastreptos species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex striatulus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Murex subomblongus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex subtorularius species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex subvitulinus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex surinamensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex talahabensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex tenuirostrum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex ternispina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex tethys species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex textiliosus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Murex textilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex thomasi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex toreia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex torturosus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	5.33 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Murex trapa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex trialatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex triangularis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex tribulus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex trinchinopolitensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Murex trinodosus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Murex tripterus species	listed (PBDB)		2	47.8 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Murex troscheli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex tubifer species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex tubifer ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Murex viperinus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Murex wadiai species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	61.6 Ma Paleocene	61.6 Ma Paleocene
Murex wanneri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Tribulus Kobelt, 1877	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Tribulus*
Promurex Ponder & Vokes, 1988	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Promurex*
Murrex Johnston, 1891	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Murrex*
Arcopurpurea Fulton, 1922	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Arcopurpurea*
Arauca Schaufuss, 1869	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Arauca*
Acopurpurea Fulton, 1922	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Acopurpurea*
Acupurpura Jousseaume, 1880	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Acupurpura*
Tubicauda Jousseaume, 1880	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Tubicauda*
Muricites Schlotheim, 1820	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Muricites*
Morex Martens, 1880	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Morex*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1758	Murex Linnaeus
1904	Murex Martin p. 203
1935	Murex Oostingh p. 64
1938	Murex Turner p. 80
1939	Murex Mukerjee p. 61
1947	Murex Gardner p. 516
1948	Murex Gardner p. 218
1960	Murex MacNeil p. 62
1977	Murex Ladd p. 36
1982	Murex Ladd p. 42

Year	Name and Author
1987	Murex Perrilliat p. 16
1989	Murex Robba et al. p. 78
1989	Murex Vokes p. 24
1994	Murex Wilson p. 31
2001	Murex Wienrich p. 468
2002	Murex Harzhauser p. 93
2002	Murex Sepkoski, Jr.
2004	Murex Harzhauser p. 136
2004	Murex Vera-Peláez et al. p. 258
2007	Murex Landau et al. p. 3

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Martin G. C. (1904) Gastropoda, Maryland Geological Survey Miocene Text, 131-269

Oostingh C. H. (1935) Die Mollusken des Pliozäns von Boemiajoe (Java), Dienst van den Mijnbouw in Nederlandsch-Indië Wetenschappelijke Mededeelingen 26, 1-247

Turner F. E. (1938) Stratigraphy and Mollusca of the Eocene of western Oregon, Geological Society of America Special Paper 10, 1-130

Mukerjee P. N. (1939) Fossil fauna from the Tertiary of Garo Hills, Assam, Palaeontologia Indica 28 1, 1-101

Gardner J. R. (1947) The Molluscan Fauna of the Alum Bluff Group of Florida, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 142A-H, 1-709

Gardner J. A. (1948) Mollusca from the Miocene and Lower Pliocene of Virginia and North Carolina: Part 2. Scaphopoda and Gastropoda, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 199 B, 179-310

MacNeil F. S. (1960) Tertiary and Quaternary Gastropoda of Okinawa: A comparison of the late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene Gastropoda of Okinawa with related faunas of East Asia together with a resume of the geological setting of the fossiliferous deposits, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 339, 1-148

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Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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