| Description | The angelsharks are a group of sharks in the genus Squatina of the family Squatinidae. They commonly inhabit sandy seabeds close to 150m in depth. Many species are now classified as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Once common over large areas of the Northeast Atlantic from Norway, Sweden, Morocco, and the Canary Islands, to the Mediterranean and Black Seas, there is now significant fishing pressure which has resulted in significant population declines.
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| Source Data | |
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| Rank | family |
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| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Squatiniformes : Squatinidae |
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| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Squatiniformes : Squatinidae |
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| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted |
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Classification
(PBDB,GBIF) | |
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| Common Name | angel shark |
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| Scientific Name | Squatinidae |
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| Opinions (PBDB) | | Name | Rank | Opinion | Evidence | Author |
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| Squatinidae | family | belongs to Selachii | stated without evidence | Woodward, 1889 | | Squatinidae | family | belongs to Tectospondyli | stated without evidence | Case, 1904 | | Squatinidae | family | belongs to Squatinoidei | stated without evidence | Jordan, 1963 | | Squatinidae | family | belongs to Squatiniformes | stated without evidence | Cassier, 1966 | | Squatinidae | family | belongs to Squatinoidei | stated without evidence | Case, 1981 | | Squatinidae | family | belongs to Squatiniformes | stated without evidence | Thies, 1983 | | Squatinidae | family | belongs to Squatinoidei | stated without evidence | Case and Schwimmer, 1988 | | Squatinidae | family | belongs to Squatiniformes | stated without evidence | Long, 1992 |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant |
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| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 21 |
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| Extant Size (PBDB) | 3 (14%) |
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| First Recorded Appearance | 164 - 157 Ma
Jurassic |
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| Environment | marine (based on Vertebrata) |
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| Motility | actively mobile (based on Squatiniformes) |
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| Diet | carnivore (based on Squatiniformes) |
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| Taphonomy | phosphatic (based on Vertebrata) |
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| Primary Reference (PBDB) | J. Peng, A. P. Russell, and D. B. Brinkman. 2001. Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman Formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide. Provincial Museum of Alberta, Natural History Occasional Paper 25:1-54 |
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| Common Name(s) | Angel Shark, Angel Sharks, Havengelfamilien, Havsänglar, カスザメ, Angelsharks, Sand Devils, Anges De Mer, Angelotes, Zeeëngels |
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| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squatinidae |
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| Peng J., Russell A. P., et al (2001) Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman Formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Natural History Occasional Paper 25, 1-54 |
| Woodward A. S. , Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History) Part 1, 1-613 |
| Case E. C. (1904) Systematic Paleontology: Mammalia, Maryland Geological Survey Miocene: Text, 1-58 |
| Eastman C. R. (1904) Systematic Paleontology: Pisces, Maryland Geological Survey Miocene, Text, 71-93 |
| Jordan D. S. (1963) The Genera of Fishes and a Classification of Fishes, Stanford University Press, 1-816 |
| Cassier F. C. (1966) Faune Ichthyologique du London Clay, 1-496 |
| Case G. R. (1981) Late Eocene Selachians from South-Central Georgia, Palaeontographica Abteilung A 176 Lfg. 1-3, 52-79 |
| Thies D. (1983) Jurazeitliche Neoselachier aus Deutschland und S-England (Jurassic neoselachians from German and S-England), Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 58, 1-116 |
| Case G. R., Schwimmer D. R. (1988) Late Cretaceous Fish from the Blufftown Formation (Campanian) in Western Georgia, Journal of Paleontology 62 2, 290-301 |
| Long D. J. (1992) Sharks from the La Meseta Formation (Eocene), Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12 1, 11-32 |
| Biddle J. P. (1993) Les Elasmobranches de l'Albien inferieur et moyen (Cretace inferieur) de la Marne et de la Haute-Marne (France), Belgian Geological Survey 264, 191-240 |
| Purdy R. W., Schneider V. P., et al (2001) The Neogene sharks, rays, and bony fishes from Lee Creek Mine, Aurora, North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 71-202 |
| Underwood C. J. (2006) Diversification of the Neoselachii (Chondrichthyes) during the Jurassic and Cretaceous, Paleobiology 32 2, 215-235 |
| Cicimurri D. J., Knight J. L. (2009) Late Oligocene sharks and rays from the Chandler Bridge Formation, Dorchester County, South Carolina, USA, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54 4, 627-647 |
| Underwood C. J., Schlogl J. (2013) Deep-Water Chondrichthyans from the Early Miocene of the Vienna Basin (Central Paratethys, Slovakia), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 58 3, 487-509 |
| Szabo M., Botfalvai G., et al (2017) Upper Oligocene marine fishes from nearshore deposits of the Central Paratethys (Máriahalom, Hungary), Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments doi:10.1007/s12549-017-0285-0 |
| Kent B. W. (2018) The Cartilaginous Fishes (Chimaeras, Sharks, and Rays) of Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, USA, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 100, 45-160 |
| Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| Eschmeyer online (Jul 2012) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| FishBase - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2019). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2019. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Van Der Laan, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Fricke, R. (2014). Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa. 3882(1): 1-230. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374 - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Kullander (2007) Nationalnyckeln Broskfiskar manus - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas |
| Moore, Jon A., Karsten E. Hartel, James E. Craddock, and John K. Galbraith, 2003: An annotated list of deepwater fishes from off the New England region, with new area records. Northeastern Naturalist, vol. 10, no. 2. 159-248. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Compagno, Leonard J. V. / Hamlett, William C., ed., 1999: Checklist of Living Elasmobranchs. Sharks, Skates, and Rays: The Biology of Elasmobranch Fishes. 471-498. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| WoRMS (2016) Accessed through World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/ - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas |
| Compagno, Leonard J. V., 1984: Sharks of the World: An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, no. 125, vol. 4, pt. 1. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Nelson, Joseph S., 1994: null. Fishes of the World, Third Edition. xvii + 600. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
Squatinidae
