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Phasmida
| Description | From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phasmida, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | order | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Phasmida | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (GBIF) |
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| Scientific Name | Phasmida | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name(s) | Phasmids, Walking Sticks, Stick Insects, Leaf Insects, Stick Insect | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phasmida |
External Images
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agathemeridae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Anisacanthidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aschiphasmatidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Bacillidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Damasippoididae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
 Diapheromeridaefamily | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Heteronemiidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 5.33 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Heteropterygidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Phasmatidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Phylliidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | True Leaf Insect | 1 | 48.6 Ma Eocene | 0 Ma Extant |
| Prisopodidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pseudophasmatidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Timematidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
References
| Otte, Daniel, and Paul Brock, 2005: null. Phasmida Species File: Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the World, Second Edition. 414. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Brock, Paul D., 1999: The amazing world of stick and leaf-insects. The Amateur Entomologist, vol. 26. xvi + 165. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| refer synonym source - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| web search (AJR) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| Alderton. 1992. A Step-by-Step book about Stick Insects, T.F.H. Publications, Inc. 1 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Askew. 1971. Parasitic Hymenoptera. Parasitic Insects, Heinemann Educational Books 165 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Baker, E. W. 2008[2007]. Notes for using the Phasmida Species File. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter (PSG Newsletter) 112:7 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Baker, E. W. 2018. Phasmid collection and bibliography of the Phasmida works of J. T. C. Sellick. Phasmid Studies 19:16 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bi. 1993. Phasmatodea of Longqishan, Fujian Province. In: HUANG, C. M. (ed.). The series of the bioresources expedition to the Longqi Mountain Nature Reserve. Animals of Longqi Mountain. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, China 35-40 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bradler. 2003. In Dathe [Ed.]. Phasmatodea, Gespenstschrecken. Lehrbuch der speziellen Zoologie. I. Wirbellose Tiere. 5. Insecta. Spektrum, Heidelberg, Berlin 260 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bragg & Zompro. 2007. Biographies of phasmatologists - 6. Klaus Günther. Phasmid Studies 16(2):25 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bragg. 1990. Collecting and preserving phasmids. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologist’s Society 49:271 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bragg. 1993. New synonyms and new records of phasmids (Insecta: Phasmida) in Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 41(1):31-46 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bragg. 1995. The Phasmid Database: version 1.5, Catalog; type species of genera (DOS based) [as such few researchers were able to access the database] - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bragg. 1997. A glossary of terms used to describe phasmids. Phasmid Studies 6(1):24 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bragg. 2008. Biographies of phasmatologists - 7. James Wood-Mason. Phasmid Studies 17(1):1 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock & Hasenpusch. 2009. The Complete Field Guide to Stick and Leaf Insects of Australia, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood 1 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 1984. A brief introduction to the Phasmida. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologist’s Society 43:140 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 1984. Watch your Television for Sticks. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter (PSG Newsletter) 21:3 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 1999. Books on Stick Insects. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter (PSG Newsletter) 79:5 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 2000. Books on stick and leaf-insects. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologist’s Society 59:210 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 2002. Phasmid Collectables. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter (PSG Newsletter)(93):22 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 2005. Book review: Review of the genera of the Areolatae, including the status of Timema and Agathemera (Insecta, Phasmatodea) by Oliver Zompro. Journal of Orthoptera Research (Jour. of Orthoptera Res.) 13(2):247 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 2006. In-print books on stick & leaf insects. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter (PSG Newsletter) 105:8 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 2008. In Bisby, Roskov, Orrell, Nicholson, Paglinawan, Bailly, Kirk, Bourgoin & Hertum [Ed.]. PSF: Phasmida Species File (version 2.6, 11.2006). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2008 Annual Checklist CD-ROM, Species 2000: Reading, U.K. - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 2014. A comprehensive guide to insects of Britain & Ireland, Pisces Publications, Newbury 34 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 2017. Book review: A Taxonomic Guide to the Stick Insects of Borneo Volume II. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter (PSG Newsletter) 139:12 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Carlberg. 1985. Bibliography of Phasmida (Insecta) - II (1960-69). Beiträge zur Entomologie, Berlin 35(1):3 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Carlberg. 1987. Bibliography of Phasmida (Insecta) - IV. 1940-49. Beiträge zur Entomologie, Berlin 37(1):197 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Carlberg. 1987. Ovary anatomy in Phasmida (Insecta). Zool. Jb. Anat. 115:77 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Caudell. 1908. Notes on some Western Orthoptera: With the description of one new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 34:73 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Caudell. 1927. Problems in taxonomy. Proceedings of the Entomological Society, Washington 29(5):130 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Cliquennois. 1999. Phasmids of Bangladesh. Phasmid Studies 7(2):41 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Eiland. 1997. An Ancient Stick Insect. Phasmid Studies 6(1):13 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Frydrychova, Grossmann, Trubac, Vitkova & Marec. 2004. Phylogenetic distribution of TTAGG telomeric repeats in insects. Genome 47(1):163 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Gorochov. 1994. Permian and Triassic walking sticks (Phasmoptera) from Eurasia. Palaeontological Journal 28(4):64-75 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Harman. 1999. Phasmida in Oceania. Phasmid Studies 8(1&2):13 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Herwaarden. 1998. A guide to the genera of stick- and leaf-Insects (Insecta: Phasmida) of New Guinea and the surrounding islands. Science in New Guinea 24(2):59 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Kevan. 1977. The higher classification of orthopteroid insects. Memoir Lyman Entomological Museum and Research Laboratory No (Mem. Lyman ent. Mus. Res. Lab. No.) 4 (sp. pub. 12):24 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Kevan. 1982. In Parker [Ed.]. Phasmoptera. Synopsis and classification of living organisms, McGraw-Hill, New York 2:379 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Kevan. 1989. The ordinal name for stick insects. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter (PSG Newsletter) 38:5 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Key. 1991. In Naumann & et al. The Insects of Australia. A textbook for students and research workers.Vol. 1, 2nd Edition, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne 394-404 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Kômoto, Yukuhiro, Ueda & Tomita. 2011. Exploring the molecular phylogeny of phasmids with whole mitochondrial genome sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 58(1):43 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Lelong, Rastel, Langlois & Dorel. 2003. Phasmatodea of Dominica, Asper 1 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Mann & Simmons. 2009. The Hope Entomological Collections. Antenna 33(1):34 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Marshall, J.A. 1999. In Barnard [Ed.]. Phasmida: the stick-insects. Identifying British Insects and Arachnids, Cambridge University Press 36 - via Phasmida Species File |
| McMonigle & Clausen. 2002. Ghosts of the trees: walkingsticks and leaf-insects, Elytra and Antenna, Brunswick 1 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Nel, Azar, Martinez-Declos & Makhoul. 2004. A new Upper Cretaceous species of Chresmoda from Lebanon - a latest representative of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Polyneoptera inc. sed.): first record of homeotic mutations in the fossil record of insects. European Journal of Entomology 101(1):145 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Okada. 1999. Nanafushi no Subete (All About Stick-Insects), Tonbo Shuppan Publishing, Osaka 1 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Otte & Brock. 2005. Phasmida Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the world, The Insect Diversity Association at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 13, 27 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Passerin d´Entreves. 1981. Cataloghi. IV - Collezione Ortotterologiche del Museo di Zoologia de´ll Università di Torino, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 1-127 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Scoble & Mendel. 2009. The entomology collections at the Natural History Museum, London. Antenna 33(1):26 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Scudder, S.H. 1876. Odoriferous glands in Phasmidae. Psyche 1:137 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Sellick. 1997. The range of egg capsule morphology within the Phasmatodea and its relevance to the taxonomy of the order. Italian Journal of Zoology (Ital. J. Zool.) 64:97 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Seow-Choen, Brock & Seow-En. 1994. An introduction to the Stick and Leaf-insects of Singapore. Malaysian Naturalist 48(1):7 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Seow-Choen. 2017. A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Borneo Volume II, Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, Kota Kinabalu 1 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Tilgner. 2002. Systematics of Phasmida [unpublished thesis], University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 1 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Velonà, Brock, Hasenpusch & B. Mantovani. 2015. Cryptic diversity in Australian stick insects (Insecta; Phasmida) uncovered by the DNA barcoding approach. Zootaxa 3957(4):455 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Wallin. 1997. . Catalogue of type specimens. 1. C.P. Thunberg (1743-1828), Insecta, Uppsala University Zoological Museum 78 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Wallin. 1997. Catalogue of type specimens. 4. Linnaean specimens, Uppsala University Zoological Museum 27 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Whiting, M.F., Bradler & Maxwell. 2003. Loss and recovery of wings in stick insects. Nature 421(6920):264 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Wigglesworth. 1972. The Principles of Insect Physiology, Methuen 7th Edition:735 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Zompro. 2005. Inter- and intra-ordinal relationships of the Mantophasmatodea, with comments on the phylogeny of polyneopteran orders (Insecta: Polyneoptera). Mitteilungen des Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institutes der Universität Hamburg 89:85 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Anonymous. 2002. Stick Insects L227, CLEAPSS School Science Service circulated to members and associates 1 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Baccetti [Ed.]. 1988[1987]. Evolutionary Biology of Orthopteroid Insects, Ellis Horwood, Chichester UK 87 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Barrett. 1941. A Naturalist's Notebook. Wild Life 1941 March:129 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bradler, M.F. Whiting & Klug. 2003. Basal diversification and the evolution of wings within stick-insects (Phasmatodea). Entomologische Abhandlungen Dresden 61(2):132 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bragg. 1989. A cage constructed for stick insects. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologist’s Society 48:160 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bragg. 1992. The Phasmid Database. Phasmid Studies 1(2):38-46 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bragg. 1995. Phasmids in the Western Australian Museum. Phasmid Studies 4(1):1 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bragg. 2001. Phasmids of Borneo, Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 1 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bragg. 2007. Biographies of phasmatologists - 1. Henry Walter Bates. Phasmid Studies 15(1&2):1 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bragg. 2007. Biographies of phasmatologists - 3. Hermann Burmeister. Phasmid Studies 16(1):1 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock & Shlagman. 1994. The stick-insects (Phasmatodea) of Israel, including the description of a new species. Israel Journal of Entomology 28:101-117 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock, J.A. Marshall, Beccaloni & Harman. 2016. The types of Phasmida in the Natural History Museum, London, UK. Zootaxa 4179(2):151 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 1982. Notes on Preserving Stick Insects, Part 1. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter (PSG Newsletter) 13:5 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 1984. Notes on Preserving Stick Insects, Part 2. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter (PSG Newsletter) 18:3 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 1992. New Edition. Rearing and studying stick and leaf insects. The Amateur Entomologist Volume 22, The Amateur Entomologists' Society, London 1-73 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 1993. The world of stick and leaf-insects in books, some general remarks. Phasmid Studies 2(1):1 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 1995. An introduction to the world of stick & leaf insects. 25-27. Insect World International 1(1):25 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 1999. Preserving fragile Stick Insects. Metaleptea 19(2):8 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 2001. Phasmids on Book Covers. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter (PSG Newsletter)(87):8 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 2017. Book review: A Taxonomic Guide to the Stick Insects of Singapore. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter (PSG Newsletter) 139:13 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Burmeister. 1838. Handbuch der Entomologie, T.C.F. Enslin, Berlin 2:553, 561 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Carbonell. 2000. Brunner von Wattenwyl and his ivory ruler. Metaleptea 20(1):5 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Carlberg. 1986. Bibliography of Phasmida (Insecta) III: 1950-59. Beiträge zur Entomologie, Berlin 36(2):255 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Carlberg. 1994. Bibliography of Phasmida (Insecta) - VIII. Supplement I (1930-1984). Beiträge zur Entomologie, Berlin 44(1):243 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Carlberg. 1994. Bibliography of Phasmida (Insecta). VII. 1985-1989. Spixiana 17(2):179 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Chung, A.Y.C., Khen, Unchi & Binti. 2002. Edible insects and entomophagy in Sabah, Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal (Malayan Nat. Jour.) 56(2):137 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Cranbrook & D.S. Edwards. 1994. Belalong, A Tropical Rainforest., Royal Geographical Society & Sun Tree Publishing 239, figs - via Phasmida Species File |
| Evenhuis. 2007. The Godeffroy Museum catalogs in relation to Fiji terrestrial arthropods. Part I: Introduction and review of Myriapoda, Diptera, Odonata, and smaller hexapod orders. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 91:17 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Feulner. 2012. Stick Insects (Order Phasmida) of Eastern Arabia: A Photographic Review. Tribulus 20:77 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Gray, G.R. 1837. Description of some singularly formed Orthopterous insects. Charlesworth's Magazine of natural history and journal of zoology, botany, mineralogy, geology and meteorology 2(1):144 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Handlirsch. 1930. In Kükenthal & Krumbach [Ed.]. 6. Ordnung der Pterygogonea: Phasmida (Gespenst- oder Stabheuschrecken). Handbuch der Zoologie, Vol. 4, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and Leipzig 751 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Kevan. 1955. East African Blattodea, Phasmatodea and Orthoptera. Beiträge zur Entomologie, Berlin 5(5/6):472 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Kneubühler. 1991. Collecting trip in the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia, in May 1990. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter (PSG Newsletter) 47:5 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Leach. 1815. In Brewster, D. Entomology. The Edinburgh Encyclopedia 9:119 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Lee, M. 2006. In Atkinson, Bennallick, Holyoak, Lord & McCartney [Ed.]. Phasmida: stick insects. A handbook for biological recorders: a manual for recording plants, animals and their habitats in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly, Second Edition, ERCCIS, Truro 1 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Marshall, J.A. 1991. Classification of stick insects: Talk at the PSG 1991 AGM. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter (PSG Newsletter) 46:4 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Orian. 1957. Saltatoria, Phasmida and Dictyoptera of Mauritius. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.) 12 10:513 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville. 1828. In Latreille, Peletier de Saint Fargeau, Serville & Guérin-Méneville [Ed.]. Encyclopédie Méthodique, ou par ordre de matières par un société de gens de lettres, de savans et d´artistes. Histoire Naturelle, Panckoucke, Paris 10:443 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Ragge. 1955. The wing-venation of the order Phasmida. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society, London 106(9):375 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Rentz. 1996. Grasshopper country. The abundant orthopteroid insects of Australia. Orthoptera; grasshoppers, katydids, crickets. Blattodea; cockroaches. Mantodea; mantids. Phasmatodea; stick insects., University of New South Wales Press, Sydney 5, 245 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Scudder, S.H. 1883. A Gigantic Walking-Stick from the Coal. Science 1(4):95 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Scudder, S.H. 1890. Phasmida. The Tertiary insects of North America, Washington, Govt. print. off. 219 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Sellick. 1975. A key to the subfamilies of Phasmida. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation (Entomologist’s Rec. J. Var.) 87:104 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Sellick. 1976. The capitulum of phasmid eggs (Insecta: Phasmida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, London 59:365 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Sellick. 1994. Phasmida (stick insect) eggs from the Eocene of Oregon. Palaeontology 37(4):913 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Sellick. 1997. Descriptive terminology of the phasmid egg capsule, with an extended key to the phasmid genera based on egg structure. Systematic Entomology 22:97 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Seow-Choen, Pin, Brock & Seow-En. 1994. Foodplants of some Stick-insects (Phasmida = Phasmatodea) from Singapore. Malayan Nature Journal (Malayan Nat. Jour.) 47:393 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Seow-Choen. 2017. A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Singapore, Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu 1 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Serville. 1838[1839]. Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Orthoptères, Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris 1-776, pls 1-14 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Shelford. 1909. Family Phasmidae. Biologia Centrali-Americana Insecta Orthoptera 2:343 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Zompro. 2001. Stick insects in Baltic amber. Phasmid Studies 10(2):41 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bradley, James Chester, and Bella S. Galil, 1977: The taxonomic arrangement of the Phasmatodea with keys to the subfamilies and tribes. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, vol. 79, no. 2. 176-208. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Brusca, Richard C., and Gary J. Brusca, 2002: null. Invertebrates, Second Edition. xx + 936. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Bedford. 1978. Biology and ecology of the Phasmatodea. Annual Review of Entomology 23:125 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Beier. 1957. Cheleutoptera. Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs 5 3(6):305-454 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bellanger. 2002. Phasmes de la Guadeloupe [Phasmatodea of Guadeloupe] . Bulletin de Phyllie 13:22 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bragg. 1992. Phasmida from Bako National Park. Sarawak Museum Journal 43(64):295-319 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bragg. 1992. The use of stick insects in schools. School Science Review (SSR) 73(264):49 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bragg. 1993. Parasites of Phasmida. The Entomologist 112(1):37 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bragg. 1995[1994]. a check list of type species of phasmid genera. Phasmid Studies 3(2):28 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bragg. 2007. Biographies of phasmatologists - 4. William Forsell Kirby. Phasmid Studies 16(1):5 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Bragg. 2008. Biographies of phasmatologists 8. Robert Walter Campbell Shelford. Phasmid Studies 17(1):8 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock & J.A. Marshall. 2011. In Zhang, Z.-Q. [Ed.]. Order Phasmida Leach. 1815. Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness, Zootaxa 3148:198 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 1990. Notes on preserving stick insects. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter (PSG Newsletter) 45:17 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 1995. Catalogue of Stick and Leaf-Insects (Insecta: Phasmida) associated with Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Malaysian Naturalist 49(2):83-102 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 1996. Hot insect collecting. Insect World International 1(4):14 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 2000. Phasmid Postcards. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter (PSG Newsletter) 83:9 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 2003. In Gale Research Staff. Phasmida (Stick and leaf insects). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Insects, Gale Group 221 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brock. 2003. Revised Edition. Rearing and studying stick and leaf insects. The Amateur Entomologist Volume 22, The Amateur Entomologists' Society, London 1 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Brunner von Wattenwyl & Redtenbacher. 1906-1908. Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden - via Phasmida Species File |
| Carlberg. 1983. Bibliography of Phasmida (Insecta) I. 1970-79 Spixiana. Spixiana 6(1):27 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Carlberg. 1988. Bibliography of Phasmida (Insecta) - V (1930-39). Beiträge zur Entomologie, Berlin 38(1):277 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Cumber. 1961. Eggs of phasmid species in the North Island. New Zealand Entomologist (New Zealand Entom.) 2(6):1, pl. - via Phasmida Species File |
| Evans. 2008. National Wildlife Federation field guide to insects and spiders of North America, Sterling Publishing Co., Inc, New York 104 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Fontana, Buzzetti, Cogo & Ode. 2002. Guida al riconoscimento e allo studio di cavallette, grilli, mantidi e insetti affini del Veneto: Blattaria, Mantodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Dermaptera, Embidiina [Handbook to the grasshoppers and allied insects of the Veneto region: Blattaria, Mantodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Dermaptera, Embiidina], Museo Naturalistico Archaeologico di Vicenza, Vicenza 46, 202 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Gray, G.R. 1835. Synopsis of the species of insects belonging to the family of Phasmidae, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman, London 1-48 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Healy & Smithers. 1971. Australian insects in colour (Reeds colourbook series), A.H & A.W. Reed Pty Ltd, Sydney et al 24 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Herwaarden. 1989. Phasmatidae from Thailand. Part 2: species found in Khao Yai National Park. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter (PSG Newsletter) 41:15 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Hirashima & et al. 1992. Kawashima Shoten, Tokyo 1-597 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Hollier, A. & J. Hollier. 2013. A re-evaluation of the nineteenth-century naturalist Henri de Saussure. Archives of natural history 40.2:302 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Karny. 1923. Zur Nomenklatur der Phasmoiden. Treubia 3(2):230-242 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Kirby. 1904. A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae), The Trustees of the British Museum, London 1:317-423 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Kwon, Ha & S.W. Lee. 1992. Classification of the order Phasmida from Korea. Nature and Life 22(2):43-58 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Langlois & Lelong. 1998[1997]. Phasmatodea de Guadeloupe, Asper; La Guadeloupe Parc National 10 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Langlois, Lelong, Rastel, Polidori & Dorel. 2000. Phasmatodea de Martinique, Asper; Direction de l’Environment Martinique 10 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Mandal & Yadav. 2010. Some phasmida (stick and leaf insects) of India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India Occasional Paper 318:1 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Marshall, J.A. & Haes. 1988. Grasshoppers and allied insects of Great Britain and Ireland, Harley Books, Colchester 140 - via Phasmida Species File |
| Medler. 1980. Insects of Nigeria: Check List and Bibliography, Issue 30 of Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 44 - via Phasmida Species File |
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Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
