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Platyhelminthes
| Description | The flatworms, flat worms, Platyhelminthes, Plathelminthes, or platyhelminths (from the Greek πλατύ, platy, meaning "flat" and ἕλμινς (root: ἑλμινθ-), helminth-, meaning "worm") are a phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates. Unlike other bilaterians, they are acoelomates (having no body cavity), and have no specialized circulatory and respiratory organs, which restricts them to having flattened shapes that allow oxygen and nutrients to pass through their bodies by diffusion. The digestive cavity has only one opening for both ingestion (intake of nutrients) and egestion (removal of undigested wastes); as a result, the food cannot be processed continuously. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platyhelminthes, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | phylum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Platyhelminthes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Scientific Name | Platyhelminthes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 3 (33%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 520 - 516 Ma Cambrian | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | D. R. Brooks. 1989. The Phylogeny of the Cercomeria (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) and General Evolutionary Principles. Journal of Parasitology 75(4):606-616 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name(s) | Platwormen, Plattwürmer, Flatworms, Plattmaskar, Platyhelminths, Tapeworms, 扁形動物, Plathelminthes, Platodes, Platelminte | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platyhelminthes |
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Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cestoda class | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Monogenea class | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Trematoda class | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 129 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Turbellaria class | listed (PBDB) | 2 | 0.13 Ma Pleistocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Bothrioplanida order | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Dolichomicrostomida order | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Fecampiida order | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Gnosonesimida order | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Macrostomorpha order | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Polycladida order | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Prolecithophora order | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Prorhynchida order | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Proseriata order | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Rhabdocoela order | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
| Tricladida order | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Acrumenidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Catenulidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Chordariidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Crassicolidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Didymorchidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Geopaliducolidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Koinocystidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Leimacopsidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Proporoplanidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pseudophyllidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pterastricolidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Retronectidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Rhynchokarlingidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Stenostomidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Typhlorhynchidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Tyrrheniellidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Anotocelis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Brabbinthes genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Centrostomum genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Chonostomum genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Darwinia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Derostoma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Diopis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Diotis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Diplonchus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Disorus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Elasmodes genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Endocelis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Glossostoma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Gyrator genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Heteroplana genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Heterostylochus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Niobe genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Orthostomum genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Palaeoplatoda genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Platypholinia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Plerocercus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Polyporus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Prostomum genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Proteola genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pseudogyratrix genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Rhynchoprobolus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Telostomum genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Tetracotylus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Trachyplana genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Tricelis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Typhlolepta genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Vladimissa genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Vortex genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Catatiopsis hatcheri species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Chriostichorchis rarus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Conjugouterus parvus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1859 | Platyhelminthes Gegenbaur |
| 1989 | Platyhelminthes Brooks p. 609 |
| 2006 | Platyhelminthes Passamaneck and Halanych |
| 2011 | Platyhelminthes Edgecombe et al. p. 153 figs. Fig. 1 |
| 2012 | Platyhelminthes Nielsen p. 166 figs. Fig. 23.1 |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
