Chalcosiderite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Chalcosiderite
Formula:
CuFe3+6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Colour:
dark green to apple-green
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Greasy
Hardness:
4½
Specific Gravity:
3.22
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named by Johann Christoph Ullmann in 1814 from the Greek for copper and iron, in allusion to its composition.
Co-Type Localities:
Isostructural with:
Turquoise Group. Chalcosiderite-Turquoise Series.
An uncommon mineral occurring in the oxidized zone of some hydrothermal deposits.
Compare the chemically similar but Cu-richer hentschelite.
An uncommon mineral occurring in the oxidized zone of some hydrothermal deposits.
Compare the chemically similar but Cu-richer hentschelite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
945
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:945:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
58fe3e0b-add4-4e92-80a8-eed581a73b03
IMA Classification of Chalcosiderite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Chalcosiderite
8.DD.15
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4= 2:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4= 2:1
42.9.3.4
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)7(XO4)4Zq·xH2O
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)7(XO4)4Zq·xH2O
19.2.13
19 : Phosphates
2 : Phosphates of Cu
19 : Phosphates
2 : Phosphates of Cu
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Csd | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Chalcosiderite
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Chalcosiderite
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
dark green to apple-green
Streak:
pale green to greenish to white
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {001}, perfect, on {010}, good.
On {001}, perfect, on {010}, good.
Density:
3.22 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.28 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Chalcosiderite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.775 nβ = 1.840 nγ = 1.844
2V:
Measured: 22° , Calculated: 48°
Birefringence:
0.069
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.069
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
relatively strong r > v
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X= Colourless
Z= Pale green
Z= Pale green
Chemistry of Chalcosiderite
Mindat Formula:
CuFe3+6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Common Impurities:
Al
Crystallography of Chalcosiderite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.653(4) Å, b = 7.873(4) Å, c = 10.19 Å
α = 67.57(2)°, β = 69.17(2)°, γ = 64.93(2)°
α = 67.57(2)°, β = 69.17(2)°, γ = 64.93(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.972 : 1 : 1.294
Unit Cell V:
500.08 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Crystals short prismatic [001], with large {001}, {010}, {110}, and {111}. Commonly in sheafs, crusts.
Crystallographic forms of Chalcosiderite
Crystal Atlas:
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0014837 | Chalcosiderite | Giuseppetti G, Mazzi F, Tadini C (1989) The crystal structure of chalcosiderite, CuFe3+6(PO4)4(OH)8*4H2O Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1989 227-239 | 1989 | Wheal Phoenix Mine, Cornwall, England | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
6.39 Å | (30) |
4.93 Å | (20) |
3.76 Å | (100) |
3.54 Å | (40) |
3.38 Å | (40) |
3.01 Å | (40) |
2.95 Å | (30) |
2.52 Å | (30) |
Comments:
ICDD 37-446
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] |
Geological Setting:
Oxidized zone of some hydrothermal deposits.
Type Occurrence of Chalcosiderite
Co-Type Localities:
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Chalcosiderite
Varieties of Chalcosiderite
Alumo-chalcosiderite | A aluminian variety of Chalcosiderite. |
Relationship of Chalcosiderite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Aheylite | (Fe2+,Zn)Al6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Faustite | ZnAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Planerite | Al6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Turquoise | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
UM1981-32-PO:FeH | Fe2+Fe3+6(PO4)4-x[PO3(OH)]x(OH)8 · 4H2O |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
49 photos of Chalcosiderite associated with Cyrilovite | NaFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
45 photos of Chalcosiderite associated with Cacoxenite | Fe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2O |
35 photos of Chalcosiderite associated with Dufrénite | Ca0.5Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O |
29 photos of Chalcosiderite associated with Aluminian Strengite | (Fe,Al)PO4 · 2H2O |
26 photos of Chalcosiderite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
21 photos of Chalcosiderite associated with Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
16 photos of Chalcosiderite associated with Kidwellite | NaFe3+9+x(PO4)6(OH)11 · 3H2O, x = 0.33 |
14 photos of Chalcosiderite associated with Leucophosphite | KFe3+2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
13 photos of Chalcosiderite associated with Wavellite | Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O |
13 photos of Chalcosiderite associated with Variscite | AlPO4 · 2H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
8.DD. | Bettertonite | [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5] · 11H2O |
8.DD. | Penberthycroftite | [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5] · 8H2O |
8.DD. | Vargite | Cu2Mn3(AsO4)2(OH)4(H2O)4 |
8.DD. | Galeaclolusite | Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)4 · 8H2O |
8.DD.05 | Chenevixite | Cu2Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
8.DD.05 | Luetheite | Cu2Al2(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
8.DD.10 | Akrochordite | (Mn2+,Mg)5(AsO4)2(OH)4 · 4H2O |
8.DD.10 | Guanacoite | Cu2Mg3(AsO4)2(OH)4 · 4H2O |
8.DD.15 | Aheylite | (Fe2+,Zn)Al6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O |
8.DD.15 | Coeruleolactite | |
8.DD.15 | Faustite | ZnAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O |
8.DD.15 | Planerite | Al6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 · 4H2O |
8.DD.15 | Turquoise | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O |
8.DD.15 | Afmite | Al3(OH)4(H2O)3(PO4)(PO3OH) · H2O |
8.DD.15 | UM1981-32-PO:FeH | Fe2+Fe3+6(PO4)4-x[PO3(OH)]x(OH)8 · 4H2O |
8.DD.20 | Childrenite | Fe2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
8.DD.20 | Eosphorite | Mn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
8.DD.20 | Ernstite | (Mn2+,Fe3+)Al(PO4)(OH,O)2 · H2O |
8.DD.20 | Lefontite | Fe2Al2Be(PO4)2(OH)6 |
8.DD.25 | Kobokoboite | Al6(PO4)4(OH)6 · 11H2O |
8.DD.30 | Smamite | Ca2Sb(OH)4[H(AsO4)2] · 6H2O |
8.DD.35 | Gutsevichite | Al3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 8H2O |
8.DD.40 | Laubmannite (of Moore) | (Fe3+,Fe2+,M)8+x(OH,H2O)9(H2O)2(PO4)5, M = Fe3+, Cu2+ or other metal cation, x ~ 0.1. |
Fluorescence of Chalcosiderite
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble with difficulty in HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Chalcosiderite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-945.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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Mineral Dealers:
References for Chalcosiderite
Reference List:
Abdu, Y. A., Hull, S. K., Fayek, M., Hawthorne, F. C. (2011) The turquoise-chalcosiderite Cu(Al,Fe3+)6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O solid-solution series: A Mössbauer spectroscopy, XRD, EMPA, and FTIR study. American Mineralogist, 96 (10) 1433-1442 doi:10.2138/am.2011.3658
Localities for Chalcosiderite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Chapman et al. (2005) |
| Birch et al. (1997) |
| Day et al. (1996) |
| Francis (2010) |
| Mineralogical Magazine 63 +1 other reference |
| Francis et al. (2012) |
| Peter Elliott |
| Australian Journal of Mineralogy |
Australian Journal of Mineralogy | |
| Birch et al. (1993) +3 other references |
Austria | |
| Postl W et al. (2022) |
Bolivia | |
| SEM analyses by Gene Foord et al. (analyses copies courtesy of Brian Kosnar) +1 other reference |
| Mineralogical Record (2006) |
Brazil | |
| Menezes (n.d.) |
Bulgaria | |
| Hikov et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
Chile | |
| samples analysed by Jochen Schlüter |
| Sulphides analysed by geology dep. of ... +1 other reference |
| arturo molina & maurizio dini ... |
Czech Republic | |
| |
Collection M. Kampf No 89-267 | |
Sejkora +3 other references | |
| Sejkora +1 other reference |
France | |
| G. Aubert : "Les coupoles granitiques de Montebras et d'Echassières (Massif Central Français) |
| Chollet Pascal Collection |
| Pierre Le Roch & Jean-Marc Johannet ... |
Cuchet et al. (2000) | |
| Patureau et al. (2011) |
| perso.wanadoo.fr (2004) |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1995) |
| Dill et al. (2009) |
| www.berthold-weber.de (2001) |
| Meier (2005) |
| Blaß (2002) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Henrich (2008) |
| Weiss: "Mineralienfundstellen et al. (Munich) |
| Ullmann et al. (1814) +2 other references |
| Habel et al. (2011) |
| Mineralien-Welt (5) |
| |
| Witzke et al. (2013) |
| Witzke et al. (1997) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
Fischer (1958) | |
| T. Witzke et al.: Lapis 2001 (12) |
Greece | |
| Skarpelis et al. (2009) |
Portugal | |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... |
| Rui Nunes visit 18 July 2015 |
| Rui Nunes collection +1 other reference |
| MEB/EDS AMM285 Museum ... |
| Pedro Alves collection +1 other reference |
Spain | |
| Mendoza et al. (2006) |
| Borja Sainz de Baranda et al. (2004) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| J. Rosell (02/2016) |
| Cesar Menor-Salvan +2 other references |
| Viñals et al. (2011) |
UK | |
| |
| Craik-Smith (2000) |
| Collection Richard De Nul |
| Mineralogical Record: 12: 351-352. +3 other references |
Dines (1956) | |
Rudler (1905) | |
P D Trebilcock. | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1996 60 : ... +1 other reference |
| |
USA | |
| Galbraith et al. (1959) |
Anthony et al. (2016) | |
Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
Raman analyzed at the University of ... | |
| Anthony et al. (2016) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Min News 14:4 p 3 |
| The Mineralogy of The Butte District +2 other references |
| Collected by Joe Marty. |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Rock Currier specimens. XRD by Anthony ... |
| MarekC (2019) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Min Rec 20:1 p57 |
| M Massis collection (microprobe by Paul Hlava) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
Gems and Minerals of America-Jay Ellis ... | |
Dietrich (1990) | |
Dietrich (1990) |
Quick NavTopAbout ChalcosideriteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPronunciation Physical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystallographic forms Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence Other LanguagesVarietiesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatFluorescence Other InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Ste Barbe vein, Montmins mining district, Échassières, Vichy, Allier, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France